In this regard, attention is drawn towards Office Memorandum dated 2-0.12.2018 issued by MeitY through UIDAI, where it has been stated that “An Aadhaar number can be used for establishing identity of an individual subject to authentication and thereby, per se its not a proof of date of birth” (copy enclosed). {Para 4}
5. This aspect of the Aadhar Act, 2016 has been reiterated/highlighted/stressed upon by different High Courts in recent judgments. The most recent one is given by the Hon’ble High Court of Bombay, in the case of State of Maharashtra V/S Unique Identification Authority of India And Ors. dated 28.07.2023 (copy enclosed).
6. In view of the above, it is required that use of Aadhaar, as a proof of DoB needs to be deleted from the list of acceptable documents.
7. This issues with the approval of the Competent Authority.
Encl : As above.
(Sanjeev Yadav)
Director
Tel: 011-23478609
Email: dirl.auth-hq@uidai.net.in
(Emphasis supplied)
9.7 Judicial notice has also been taken of the circular above. Recently, a learned Single Judge of the Gujarat High Court in Gopalbhai Naranbhai Vaghela v. Union Of India & Anr.15 in view thereof directed the release of the petitioner's pension in accordance with the date as mentioned in the School Leaving Certificate, keeping aside the difference in the date of birth as mentioned in the Aadhar Card, which was not relevant for the purpose of such consideration.
9.8 In Shabana v. NCT of Delhi, a learned Division Bench of the Delhi High Court in a case where the petitioner-mother sought a writ of habeas corpus for her daughter, recorded a statement made for and on behalf of UIDAI that “Aadhar Card may not be used as proof of date of birth.”
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. OF 2024
(Arising out of SLP(C)Nos.23939-23940 of 2023)
SAROJ & ORS. Vs IFFCO-TOKIO GENERAL INSURANCE CO. & ORS.
Coram: SANJAY KAROL J.,
Citation: 2024 INSC 816.
Dated:24th October, 2024.
Leave Granted.
2. These appeals are at the instance of the wife and sons1 of the deceased
Silak Ram, who was on 4th August, 2015, travelling on a motorcycle bearing
1 Hereinafter “claimant-appellants”
registration No.HR-12X-2820, along with one Rohit. Both were found lying
injured on the side of the road. The former had succumbed to his injuries and
the latter was taken for treatment to Medical College, Rohtak.
3. One Krishan who had discovered the deceased and the injured person on
the road, reported the matter to the police and, during the investigation of such
incident, the statement of the injured Rohit revealed the particulars of the
offending vehicles. In connection thereto, F.I.R.No.481/2015 dated 4th August,
2015 under Sections 279/337, 304A was registered at Police Station, Sampla.
4. The claim petition, bearing No.25 of 2015 was instituted by the family
members of the deceased on 16th December, 2015 before the Motor Accident
Claims Tribunal, Rohtak2
. Vide Award dated 26th April, 2017 an amount of
Rs.19,35,400/- was passed with an interest @7.5% from the date of filing of the
claim petition. The respondent-insurance company was directed to deposit the
money into the bank accounts of the claimant-appellants. However, for claimant
Nos.2 and 3, who were minors at the relevant time, their share of Rs.6 lakhs each
was directed to be placed in fixed deposit till the age of majority or for a period
of five years, whichever is later.
5. On appeal to the High Court, vide judgment and order dated 9th March,
2023 passed in FAO Nos.8504 of 2017 (O&M) and 6836 of 2017 (O&M) the
amount awarded by the MACT was reduced to Rs.9,22,336/- noting that
2 Hereinafter “MACT”
minimum wage rates issued by the Government are uniformly applicable
throughout the State and, therefore, constitute a better measure for calculating
the notional income of a deceased person, as opposed to special DC rates
notified by the Deputy Commissioner of a District, and, therefore, would only
be applicable to that particular district. Further, it was observed that with respect
to the age at the time of death, the Aadhar Card of the deceased records his date
of birth to be 1st January 1969; thus, the age comes to 47 years. Hence, the
multiplier applicable would be 13.
6. The claimant-appellants, aggrieved by the reduction, have approached
this Court. Before us, it was contended that the multiplier applicable would be
14 since, in the School Leave Certificate the date of birth of the deceased is
shown as 7th October, 1970. His age, then at the time of the accident was 45
years. They were further aggrieved by the calculation of monthly income to be
Rs.5,886/-.
7. Notice was issued on 17th October, 2023. The matter was then sent to Lok
Adalat by way of an order dated 23rd July 2024. A subsequent order dated 2nd
August 2024 records that the matter could not be settled.
8. We have heard the learned counsel for the parties and also perused the
record. The questions arising for consideration are - (a) in case of conflict of
the dates of birth between the two documents, as in this case between the School
Leaving Certificate and the Aadhar Card, which of the two is to be taken as
authoritative; and (b) whether in the facts of the case, the High Court’s reduction
of the compensation awarded by the learned MACT, was justified and in
accordance with law?
9. This Court is of the view that the High Court erred in undertaking the
reduction as it has. The reasons therefor are recorded in the following
paragraphs.
9.1 The general rule insofar as appellate proceedings are concerned is
that a Court sitting in appeal is not to substitute its view for that of the
Court below. It is only to see that the decision arrived at is not afflicted
by perversity, illegality or any other such vice which may compromise it
beyond redemption.
9.2 It is also well settled that an order is not to be interfered with simply
because another view is possible, which, in the impugned order the High
Court seems to have done.
9.3 The question before the High Court was not as to which yardstick
to use to determine the notional income of the deceased was ‘better’.
Since there is nothing on record to establish that the rates notified by the
District Commissioner, Rohtak, would not apply to the deceased, we find
no reason to interfere with the finding of the Tribunal. Further, the
testimonies of PWs 2, 5 and 6 show that he is an agriculturist who owned
his own tractor and a JCB machine.
9.4 The second aspect is the age of the deceased. The High Court, relied
on the age as mentioned in the Aadhar Card of the deceased, i.e., 1st
January, 1969. However, as submitted by the claimant-appellants, the
School Leaving Certificate records the date of birth of the deceased to
be 7th October, 1970. This will affect the multiplier to be applied. Let us
now consider this question.
It has to be noted at the outset that a School Leaving Certificate
has been accorded statutory recognition. Sub-section (2) of Section 94
of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 20153
reads thus:
“(2) In case, the Committee or the Board has reasonable grounds for
doubt regarding whether the person brought before it is a child or
not, the Committee or the Board, as the case may be, shall undertake
the process of age determination, by seeking evidence by obtaining
—
(i) the date of birth certificate from the school, or the matriculation or
equivalent certificate from the concerned examination Board, if
available; and in the absence thereof;
(ii) the birth certificate given by a corporation or a municipal authority
or a panchayat;
(iii) and only in the absence of (i) and (ii) above, age shall be determined
by an ossification test or any other latest medical age determination
test conducted on the orders of the Committee or the Board…”
(Emphasis Supplied)
3 Hereafter “JJ Act”
Whether the Aadhar Card is sufficient proof of a person’s age, has
come up for consideration before some High Courts, albeit in the context
of different statutes. We shall refer to a few instances but, prior to doing
so, it is also important to take note of the purpose behind introduction of
the Aadhar Scheme. In the Constitution Bench judgment in K.S.
Puttaswamy v. Union of India (5-J.)4 Dr. A.K. Sikri, J. wrote as
hereinbelow extracted, encapsulating the object and purpose of Aadhar:-
“24. Before adverting to the discussion on various issues that have
been raised in these petitions, it would be apposite to first understand
the structure of the Aadhaar Act and how it operates, having regard
to various provisions contained therein. UIDAI was established in
the year 2009 by an administrative order i.e. by resolution of the
Govt. of India, Planning Commission, vide notification dated
January 28, 2009. The object of the establishment of the said
Authority was primarily to lay down policies to implement the
Unique Identification Scheme (for short the ‘UIS’) of the
Government, by which residents of India were to be provided unique
identity number. The aim was to serve this as proof of identity,
which is unique in nature, as each individual will have only one
identity with no chance of duplication. Another objective was that
this number could be used for identification of beneficiaries for
transfer of benefits, subsidies, services and other purposes. This was
the primary reason, viz. to ensure correct identification of targeted
beneficiaries for delivery of various subsidies, benefits, services,
grants, wages and other social benefits schemes which are funded
from the Consolidated Fund of India ...
Summing up the Scheme:
62. The whole architecture of Aadhaar is devised to give unique
identity to the citizens of this country. No doubt, a person can have
various documents on the basis of which that individual can establish
her identity. It may be in the form of a passport, Permanent Account
Number (PAN) card, ration card and so on. For the purpose of
enrolment itself number of documents are prescribed which an
individual can produce on the basis of which Aadhaar card can be
4
(2019) 1 SCC 1
issued. Thus, such documents, in a way, are also proof of identity.
However, there is a fundamental difference between the Aadhaar
card as a means of identity and other documents through which
identity can be established. Enrolment for Aadhaar card also requires
giving of demographic information as well as biometric information
which is in the form of iris and fingerprints. This process eliminates
any chance of duplication. ….. It is for this reason the Aadhaar card
is known as Unique Identification (UID). Such an identity is
unparalleled.”
(Emphasis supplied)
9.5 Turning back to the question of whether Aadhar Card can serve as
a proof of age, a perusal of some High Court judgments reveals that this
question has been considered on quite a few occasions in the context of
the JJ Act. Illustratively, in Manoj Kumar Yadav v. State of M.P.
5
a
learned Single Judge of the Madhya Pradesh High Court held that when
it comes to establishing the age, on a plea of juvenility the age mentioned
in the Aadhar Card could not be taken as a conclusive proof in view of
Section 94 of the JJ Act. Similar observations have been made in
Shahrukh Khan v. State of M.P.6 holding that if the genuineness of the
School Leaving Certificate is not under challenge, the said document has
to be given due primacy.
The Punjab & Haryana High Court in the context of
the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, in Navdeep Singh & Anr.
v. State of Punjab & Ors.
7 held that Aadhar Cards were not “firm proof
5 2023 SCC OnLine MP 1919
6 2023 SCC OnLine MP 2740
7 2021 SCC OnLine P&H 4553
of age”. Observations similar in nature were also made in Noor Nadia
& Anr. v. State of Punjab & Ors.
8
, Muskan v. State of Punjab9
as well
as several other orders/judgments, in various contexts.
Views aligning with the one referred to above have been taken by
the High Court of Judicature of Allahabad in Parvati
Kumari v. State of U.P.10; the Himachal Pradesh High Court in Kumit
Kumar v. State of H.P.
11 and the High Court of Kerala in Sofikul Islam
v. State of Kerala12
.
9.6 We find that the Unique Identification Authority of India13, by way
of its Circular No.08 of 2023, has stated, in reference to an Office
Memorandum issued by the Ministry of Electronics and Information
Technology dated 20th December 2018, that an Aadhar Card, while can
be used to establish identity, it is not per se proof of date of birth. This
office memorandum dated 20th December, 2018 was taken note of by a
learned Division Bench of the Bombay High Court in State of
Maharashtra v. Unique Identification Authority of India And Ors.14 in
8 2021 SCC OnLine P&H 1514
9 2021 SCC OnLine P&H 3649
10 2019 SCC OnLine All 7085
11 2024 SCC OnLine HP 2965
12 2022 SCC OnLine Ker 5814
13 Abbreviated as ‘UIDAI’
14 Criminal Writ Petition No. 3002 of 2022
its order dated 28th July, 2023. The Circular is extracted hereinbelow for
ready reference:-
F.No.HQ-13065/1/2022-AUTH-II HQ/8075
Unique Identification Authority of India
(Authentication and Verification Division)
UIDAI Headquarter
Bangla Sahib Road, Behind Kali Mandir
Gole Market, New Delhi-110 001
Dated 22.12.2023
Circular No.08 of 2023
Subject: Accepting Aadhar as a proof of Date of Birth (DoB) – regarding.
It has been observed that AUAs/KUAs are considering and accepting Aadhar card /
e-Aadhaar as one of the acceptable documents for proof of Date of Birth (DoB).
2. In this regard, it is pertinent to mention that, Aadhaar is a unique 12 digit ID issued
to a resident after he/she undergoes the enrolment process by submitting his/her demographic
and biometric information. Once a resident is assigned an Aadhaar number, it can be used to
authenticate the resident through various modes as prescribed under Aadhaar Act, 2016 and
Regulations framed there under.
3. At the time of enrolment/updation, UIDAI records DoB as claimed by the resident,
on the basis of the documents submitted by them, as specified under the list of supporting
documents for Aadhaar enrolment, provided on the UIDAI website
(https://uidai.gov.in/images/commdoc/26 JAN 2023 Aadhar List of documents English.pdf).
Further, it is to be noted that Regulations 10(4) and 19A of the Aadhaar (Enrolment and
UPDATE) Regulations, 2016, mention that verification of the enrolment and update data
shall be performed as provided in Schedule III.
4. In this regard, attention is drawn towards Office Memorandum dated 2-0.12.2018 issued by MeitY through UIDAI, where it has been stated that “An Aadhaar number can be used for establishing identity of an individual subject to authentication and thereby, per se
its not a proof of date of birth” (copy enclosed).
5. This aspect of the Aadhar Act, 2016 has been reiterated/highlighted/stressed upon by different High Courts in recent judgments. The most recent one is given by the Hon’ble High Court of Bombay, in the case of State of Maharashtra V/S Unique Identification Authority of India And Ors. dated 28.07.2023 (copy enclosed).
6. In view of the above, it is required that use of Aadhaar, as a proof of DoB needs to be deleted from the list of acceptable documents.
7. This issues with the approval of the Competent Authority.
Encl : As above.
(Sanjeev Yadav)
Director
Tel: 011-23478609
Email: dirl.auth-hq@uidai.net.in
…”
(Emphasis supplied)
9.7 Judicial notice has also been taken of the circular above. Recently, a learned Single Judge of the Gujarat High Court in Gopalbhai Naranbhai Vaghela v. Union Of India & Anr.15 in view thereof directed the release of the petitioner's pension in accordance with the date as mentioned in the School Leaving Certificate, keeping aside the difference in the date of birth as mentioned in the Aadhar Card, which was not relevant for the purpose of such consideration.
9.8 In Shabana v. NCT of Delhi16
a learned Division Bench of the Delhi
High Court in a case where the petitioner-mother sought a writ of habeas
corpus for her daughter, recorded a statement made for and on behalf of
UIDAI that “Aadhar Card may not be used as proof of date of birth.”
9.9 Here, we may clarify that we have not expressed any view on the
merits of these cases before their respective High Courts, and reference
has only been made to them for the limited purpose of examining the
suitability of the Aadhar Card as proof of age.
15 Order dated 26th February, 2024 passed in R/ Civil Special Application No. 16484 of 2022
16 2024 SCC OnLine Del 5058. Judgment dated 24th July, 2024.
10. That being the position, as it stands with respect to the determination of age,
we have no hesitation in accepting the contention of the claimant-appellants,
based on the School Leaving Certificate. Thus, we find no error in the learned
MACT’s determination of age based on the School Leaving Certificate.
11. On another aspect, i.e., the interest awarded, we find there to be no reason
recorded by the High Court in the reduction of the rate of interest from 7.5% to
6%. The High Courts cannot lose sight of the fact that compensation received
by way of claims filed before MACT is either born out of injury or death of the
claimant or family member of the claimants and so, the amount awarded must
do justice to them. It necessarily has to be just and reasonable. In that view of
the matter, we find it fit to enhance the rate of interest to 8% to be paid from the
date of filing of the claim petition.
12. In view of the above discussion, we direct that the notional income to be
taken shall be Rs.9000/- as found by the Tribunal; given that the date of birth is,
apropos the above discussion, to be taken as 7th October 1970 and consequently,
the multiplier to be applied is 14.
13. Hence, the compensation payable to the claimant-appellants in terms of
the principles laid down in National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Pranay Sethi17 is
recalculated in tabulated form as under :-
17 (2017) 16 SCC 680
Heads MACT HC Final Compensation
Payable
Monthly Income Rs.9,000/- (pg.38) Rs.5,886/- Rs.9,000/-
Annual income Rs.1,08,000/- Rs.70,632/- Rs.1,08,000/-
Future prospects @ 30% (2,700/-)
+ Rs.9,000/-
= Rs.11,700/-
p.m.
@ 25%
(1,471/-) +
Rs.5,886/-
Rs.7,357/- p.m.
@ 25% (2,250/-) +
Rs.9,000/-
= Rs.11,250/- p.m.
Personal Expenses
(Deduction of 1/3 )
11,700-3900
= Rs.7,800/- p.m.
Rs.93,600/- p.a.
7,357 – 2,452
= Rs.4,906/-
11250-3,750
Rs.7,500/-p.m.
= Rs.90,000/- p.a
Multiplier 14 13 14
Loss of
dependency
Rs.93,600 x 14 =
Rs.13,10,400/-
Rs.58,872 x 13
=
Rs.7,65,336/-
Rs.90,000 x 14 =
Rs.12,60,000/-
Loss of Estate Rs.1,00,000/- Rs.15,000/- Rs.18,150/-
(10% increase after 3
yrs + 3 yrs)
Funeral expenses Rs.25,000/- Rs.15,000/- Rs.18,150/-
(10% increase after 3
yrs + 3 yrs)
Loss of Consortium Rs.6,00,000/- Rs.40,000 x 3 =
Rs.1,20,000/-
Rs.48,400 /-
(10% increase after 3
yrs + 3 yrs) x 3 = Rs.
1,45,200/-
Total compensation Rs.20,35,400/- +
7.5% interest
Rs.9,22,336/- +
6% interest
Rs.14,41,500/- + 8%
interest from date of
filing of claim
petition
14. The appeals are allowed, the total amount, i.e., Rs.14,41,500, in the interest
of just compensation is rounded off to Rs.15,00,000/- with 8% interest from the
date of filing of the claim petition to be released to the rightful claimants in the
manner directed by the Tribunal.
Pending application(s) if any stands disposed of. No order as to cost.
…………………………………J.
(SANJAY KAROL)
………………………………J.
(UJJAL BHUYAN)
Dated : 24th October, 2024;
Place : New Delhi.
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