Sunday, 18 December 2022

Whether an offence U/S 153-A of IPC is made out against the accused if the prosecution has failed to show that he intended to cause disorder or incite people to violence?

I have gone through the entire case record including the challan prepared under Section 173 Cr.P.C and considered the submissions of respective counsel for the parties. It is true that except wearing a T-shirt with a photograph of a leader of his own party by the petitioner, no overt act has been attributed against him and there is no material whatsoever even to infer that the petitioner was acting under any pre-oriented plan as alleged or to suggest that by words either spoken or written or by any other means as enumerated under Section 153-A IPC, he incited anyone to create violence or promote communal hatred. The intention to cause disorder or incite people to violence is the sine qua non of the offence under Section 153-A IPC and there is no existence of mens rea for the prosecution to succeed . Therefore, having found no prima facie material against the petitioner to constitute an offence punishable under Section 153-A IPC, this Court is of the view that the benefit of bail can be extended to him.

 IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA

AT CHANDIGARH

CRM-M-45796-2022 (O&M)

KARAMJIT SINGH GILL Vs STATE OF PUNJAB 

CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SANDEEP MOUDGIL

DECIDED ON: 13th DECEMBER, 2022


Prayer in the present application is for arraigning the applicant

as Respondent No.2.

In view of averments made in the present application, the

applicant-Sulkhan Singh son of Shri Parkash Singh is ordered to be

impleaded as respondent No.2.

Amended memo of parties is taken on record.

Application, accordingly stands allowed.

Application is allowed, as prayed for.

Annexures R-2/1 to R-2/6 are taken on record subject to all just

exceptions.


Application is allowed, as prayed for.

Police report/Challan dated 05.10.2022 is taken on record as

Annexure P-4, subject to all just exceptions.

CRM-M-45796-2022

The instant petition has come up before this Court invoking the

jurisdiction under Section 439 Cr.P.C seeking regular bail in case FIR No.

103, dated 17.08.2022, under Section 153-A of the Indian Penal Code, 1860

(for short 'IPC'), registered at Police Station E-Division, Amritsar City.

Dr. Anmol Rattan Singh, learned Senior counsel for the

petitioner contends that he has been falsely implicated in the present case on

false and baseless allegations while referring to the FIR dated 17.08.2022

(Annexure P-1) lodged on a complaint by one Sulkhan Singh, Manager,

Sach Khand Shri Harmandir Sahib, Shri Darbar Sahib, Amritsar. He has

drawn the attention of this Court to the story of the prosecution as recorded

in the said FIR with the allegations attributed qua the petitioner, of which the

relevant reads as under:-

“Sir, on dated 16.08.2022 one person came at Sachkhand

Harmandir Sahib, Sri Darbar Sahib Amritsar, after taking a

dip in the holy water and thereafter, wore a t-shirt having

picture of Jagdish Tytler who was an accused of 1984 Sikh

genocide and after clicking a photograph and without paying

obeisance went out in his skoda car along with his security

officials. Under a conspiracy he has tried to disturb the

atmosphere and he has hurt the Sikhs sentiments. His activities

are recorded in CCTV cameras. He is also having a security

(gunman). From the social media we came to know that his

name is Karamjit Singh Gill who is known s Chairman of

SC/ST Cell Congress. Legal action may kindly be taken.

Documents attached. Photocopy of Picture. Sd/- Sulakhan

Singh Manager, Sachkhand Sri Harmandir Sahib, Shri Darbar

Sahib, Sri Amritsar.”

Learned Senior counsel contended on the strength of Supreme

Court Judgment in the case of “Arnesh Kumar vs. State of Bihar; (2014) 8

SCC 273, that in the offence under Section 153-A IPC Part-I, the

punishment is of upto three years or fine or both whereas, even Part II

carries punishment upto 5 years and fine and, therefore, applying the ratio

laid down in the Arnesh Kumar’s case supra ought to have been applied by

serving a notice under Section 41-A Cr.P.C and an opportunity to join the

investigation should have been awarded. He has further stated that no

reasons for detention was disclosed by the Investigating Officer while

forwarding the petitioner before the Illaqa Magistrate.

Learned Senior counsel also laid much stress of the case being

political motivated referring to the complainant being Manager of Shri

Darbar Sahib who might be carrying some enmity with the political leader

Jagdish Tytler with whose photograph printed on the T-shirt wore by the

petitioner. With much force and vehemence, it has been argued on behalf of

the petitioner that offence under Section 153-A IPC is not made out at all as

none of the ingredients laid therein are prima facie evident even from the

bare language of the FIR.

Notice of motion.

Mr. Rajiv Verma, DAG, Punjab puts an appearance having been

served with an advance notice along-with copy of the petition.

Mr. P.S. Hundal, learned Senior counsel, appearing on behalf of

the complainant has vehemently argued that Jagdish Tytler was an accused

in 1984 Sikh Genocide and the petitioner knowing fully well deliberately with an intent to hurt the sentiments of Sikhs’ wore the T-shirt with a picture

of Jagdish Tytler and after taking a dip in the holy pond clicked his

photograph and left in his Skoda car with the security officials. Mr. Hundal,

has contended that such act of the petitioner is under a well planned

conspiracy to disturb the peaceful atmosphere.

Mr. Rajiv Verma, Deputy Advocate General, Punjab has

submitted that the petitioner has committed serious offence under Section

153-A IPC and has been nominated as accused in the present FIR on the

basis CCTV footage and not on the basis of mere suspicion. He further

argues that the role of the petitioner is evident from the fact that he was

wearing a T-shirt having picture of Jagdish Tytler, who was prime accused in

1984 Sikh Genocide and also sent a picture from his mobile phone to some

person with intention to make the same viral. As such, the petitioner does

not deserve the concession of bail.

Heard counsel for the parties at length.

Before proceeding further in the matter, it would be relevant to

have a glance of Section 153-A IPC, which reads as under:-

“153A. Promoting enmity between different groups on ground

of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and

doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.--

(1) Whoever--

(a) by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible

representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote,

on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language,

caste or community or any other ground whatsoever,

disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or illwill between

different religious, racials, language or regional groups or

castes or communities, or

(b) commits any act which is prejudicial to the maintenance of


harmony between different religious, racial, language or

regional groups or castes or communities, and which disturbs

or is likely to disturb the public tranquillity,

(c) organizes any exercise, movement, drill or other similar

activity intending that the participants in such activity shall use

or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to

be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be

trained to use criminal force or violence, or participates in such

activity intending to use or be trained to use criminal force or

violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such

activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence,

against any religious, racial, language or regional group or

caste or community and such activity for any reason whatsoever

causes or is likely to cause fear or alarm or a feeling of

insecurity amongst members of such religious, racial, language

or regional group or caste or community,

shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three

years, or with fine, or with both”

Considering the provisions, as envisaged in Section 153-A IPC

and examining the contents of FIR, the test for the prosecution is to make out a prima facie case has to establish within the ingredients incorporated therein. Section 153-A IPC would apply if, a person is found doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony by promoting enmity between different groups on the grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc by words either spoken or written or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise promotes or attempts to promote disharmony or feeling of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or caste or community apart from other factors.

In the instant case mere wearing of a T-shirt with a picture of one on his favorite person with the words “HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO OUR

BELOVED GOD FATHER”, as is evident from Annexures R-2/3 and R-2/4 with the reply filed by respondent No.2 supported by seizure memo Tshirt (Annexure R-2/1), does not reflect any incriminating material or provocative act on the part of the petitioner to bring the case within the ambit of Section 153-A IPC. Moreover, from the identity of the petitioner it transpired that he is General Secretary, SC/ST Cell of the Punjab Pardesh Congress Committee as has been put on record by way of final report under Section 173 Cr.P.C.

The Apex Court in the case of “Patricia Mukhim vs. State of

Meghalaya and other” reported in AIR 2021 Supreme Court 1632 while

deliberating on Section 153-A IPC held as under:-

"9. Only where the written or spoken words have the tendency

of creating public disorder or disturbance of law and order or

affecting public tranquility, the law needs to step in to prevent

such an activity. The intention to cause disorder or incite people

to violence is the sine qua non of the offence under Section 153

A IPC and the prosecution has to prove the existence of mens

rea in order to succeed.

10. The gist of the offence under Section 153 A IPC is the

intention to promote feelings of enmity or hatred between

different classes of people. The intention has to be judged

primarily by the language of the piece of writing and the

circumstances in which it was written and published. The

matter complained of within the ambit of Section 153A must be

read as a whole. One cannot rely on strongly worded and

isolated passages for proving the charge nor indeed can one

take a sentence here and a sentence there and connect them by

a meticulous process of inferential reasoning."

In the instant case no iota of evidence has come forth even in

the challan against the present petitioner with regard to uttering of any word or by any other means which may cause hurt to the feelings of a particular community.

In another judgment “Balwant Singh and another vs. State of

Punjab; (1995) 3 SCC 214” the Supreme Court examining the question to

make out prima facie case under Section 153-A IPC held as under:-

"9. Insofar as the offence under Section 153A IPC is concerned,

it provides for punishment for promoting enmity between

different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth,

residence, language, caste or community or any other ground

whatsoever or brings about disharmony or feeling of hatred or

ill-will between different religious, racial, linguistic or regional

groups or castes or communities. In our opinion only where the

written or spoken words have the tendency or intention of

creating public disorder or disturbance of law and order or

effect public tranquility, that the law needs to step in to prevent

such an activity.”

I have gone through the entire case record including the challan

prepared under Section 173 Cr.P.C and considered the submissions of

respective counsel for the parties. It is true that except wearing a T-shirt with a photograph of a leader of his own party by the petitioner, no overt act has been attributed against him and there is no material whatsoever even to infer that the petitioner was acting under any pre-oriented plan as alleged or to suggest that by words either spoken or written or by any other means as enumerated under Section 153-A IPC, he incited anyone to create violence or promote communal hatred. The intention to cause disorder or incite people to violence is the sine qua non of the offence under Section 153-A IPC and there is no existence of mens rea for the prosecution to succeed . Therefore, having found no prima facie material against the petitioner to constitute an offence punishable under Section 153-A IPC, this

Court is of the view that the benefit of bail can be extended to him. It is also weighs in the mind of this Court that investigation in the case is complete, challan stands filed and the petitioner is already in custody for 3 months and 23 days, as is evident from custody certificate dated 12.12.2022.

Accordingly, it is ordered that the petitioner shall be released on

bail on furnishing bail bonds and one local surety to the satisfaction of

learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, Amritsar, however, in order to facilitate

trial the following conditions are imposed on his bail:-

(i) If the petitioner is having any Pass Port, he will surrender

the same before the Investigating Officer immediately.

(ii) He will record his appearance at the police station before

the Investigating Officer once in a week.

(iii) He will not try to influence any of the witnesses of the case

directly or indirectly.

However, the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Amritsar may relax any

of the conditions under (i) or (ii) or both in appropriate circumstances.

In terms of the above, the present petition under Section 439

Cr.P.C. is allowed.

Ordered accordingly.

(SANDEEP MOUDGIL)

13th DECEMBER, 2022 JUDGE

sham

Whether speaking/reasoned Yes/No

Whether reportable Yes/No

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