Tuesday, 10 May 2022

Whether the court must record evidence if defendant is exparte?

In view of the non-appearance on behalf of the Defendant despite

service, this Court is of the opinion that no ex parte evidence would be required in this matter, in view of the decision of the ld. Single Judge of this Court in Disney Enterprises Inc. & Anr. v. Balraj Muttneja &Ors. [CS (OS) 3466/2012 decided on 20th February, 2014]. The same has been reiterated by the Court in S. Oliver Bernd Freier GMBH & CO. KG v. Jaikara Apparels and Ors. [210 (2014) DLT 381], as also, in United Coffee House v. Raghav Kalra and Ors. [2013 (55) PTC 414 (Del)]. The relevant observations from the judgment in Disney Enterprises Inc. (supra), are as under:

“3. Though the defendants entered appearance

through their counsel on 01.02.2013 but remained

unrepresented thereafter and failed to file a written

statement as well. The defendants were thus directed to

be proceeded ex-parte vide order dated 04.10.2013and

the plaintiffs permitted to file affidavits by way of

exparte evidence.

 4. The plaintiffs, despite having been

granted sufficient time and several opportunities, have

failed to get their affidavits for leading ex-parte

evidence on record. However, it is not deemed

expedient to further await the same and allow this

matter to languish, for the reason that I have in

Indian Performing Rights Society Ltd. Vs. Gauhati

Town Club MANU/DE/0582/2013 held that where the

defendant is ex parte and the material before the

Court is sufficient to allow the claim of the plaintiff,

the time of the Court should not be wasted in

directing ex parte evidence to be recorded and which

mostly is nothing but a repetition of the contents of the

plaint.” {Para 13}

 IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI

 CS (COMM) 78/2021 & I.As. 2346/2021, 9196/2021

TM 25 HOLDING BV  Vs UMA MANJA SHIVAPPA 

CORAM:

JUSTICE PRATHIBA M. SINGH

Dated : 28th April, 2022

1. This hearing has been done through hybrid mode.

I.A. 9196/2021(u/O XXXIX Rule 2A CPC)

2. The present application has been filed by the Plaintiff on the ground

that the Defendant has not complied with the injunction order dated 16th

February, 2021 passed by the ld. Single Judge of this Court. The brief

background of the case is that the Plaintiff had instituted the present suit

seeking protection of its trademark ‘G-STAR’ which was adopted by it in

1989 for various apparel, including jeans, tops and other clothing, as well as

a diverse line of luxury accessories, etc. The Plaintiff had also opened its

store in India in July 2015. The Plaintiff was earlier using the mark

‘GAPSTAR’ earlier and switched to ‘G-STAR’ IN 1994. The mark ‘GSTAR’

is also registered in favour of the Plaintiff in India under various

classes.

3. In June 2020, the Defendant was found to be using ‘GS STAR’ for

apparel and has also filed an application dated 21st November, 2018 before


the trademark registry bearing no.4003995 for the registration of the same

for the same class of products as that of the Plaintiff on a ‘proposed to be

used’ basis. The products of the Defendant were also found to be advertised

and promoted on www.indiamart.com and www.justdial.com. It was in this

background that this Court had granted an interim injunction on 16th

February, 2021 in the following terms:

“12. Considering the averments in the plaint and the

documents filed, the plaintiff has made out a prima

facie case in its favour and in case, no ex-parte adinterim

injunction is granted, the plaintiff would suffer

an irreparable loss. The balance of convenience also

lies in favour of the plaintiff and against the defendant.

13. Consequently, till the next date of hearing, the

defendant, his partners, agents, servants, distributors

and any other persons acting for and on behalf of the

defendant are restrained from using in the course of

trade the mark 'GS STAR' including in any stylized

representations, and from selling, offering for sale,

manufacturing, advertising, importing, exporting, or in

any manner commercially dealing in any goods,

whether offline or online, bearing the impugned mark

or any other mark identical or deceptively similar to

plaintiff’s 'G-STAR' trade marks amounting to

infringement of the plaintiff’s registered trade marks.

14. Compliance under Order XXXIX Rule 3 CPC be

done within one week.”

4. A Local Commissioner was appointed on 16th August, 2021 as the

Defendant was not complying with the above injunction order. The

Commission was since executed, but the Local Commissioner could not find

any products with the mark ‘GS STAR’ in the premises of the Defendant.

The Defendant was shown to have used the new board by the name ‘Higher

Fields Way 2 Journey’ for its apparels. Photographs were placed on record


by the Local Commissioner of the apparels and the board with the name

‘Higher Fields Way 2 Journey’. However, in the present application, the

contention of the Plaintiff is that the Defendant has not been complying with

the injunction order dated 16th February, 2021. The said application is based

on the affidavit of an independent investigator- Nripendra Kashyap, who

visited the Defendant’s premises in June, 2021. The investigator’s affidavit

shows the followings:

i. Listings on www.indiamart.com and www.justdial.com of the

Defendant being continued.

ii. Photographs of the Defendant’s premises along with the

products, labels and tags bearing the mark ‘GS STAR’.

5. The Court has perused the application under Order XXXIX Rule 2A

CPC and the report of the Local Commissioner. It is noticed by the Court

that the investigator claims to have gone to the Defendant’s premises on 26th

June, 2021. However, the Commission was executed on 20th August, 2021.

It is possible that the Defendant upon receiving a copy of this application

may have stopped using the mark ‘GS STAR’ and adopted new mark. Sine

the Local Commissioner’s report is subsequent to the investigator’s report

and the Local Commissioner’s report also shows that the Defendant’s

display board, tags on the clothes have been changed and the mark ‘GS

STAR’ is no longer in use, this Court is of the opinion that the only orders

that would be called for, at this stage, would be for a direction to

www.indiamart.com and www.justdial.com to remove the Defendant’s

listings bearing the mark ‘GS STAR’.

6. Accordingly, the Plaintiff is permitted to approach both these

platforms with the URLs of the Defendant’s listings and seek for removal of

the same. The said platforms upon receipt of the present order of this Court

shall remove the Defendant’s listings bearing the mark ‘GS STAR’ within

36 hours.

7. The contempt application is disposed of in the above terms.

CS(COMM) 78/2021 & I.A. 2346/2021(for stay)

8. Despite the service having been effected, the Defendant has chosen

not to appear in the present suit for the last several hearings, including 5th

April, 2021, 28th April, 2021, 4th May, 2021, 13th July, 2021, 27th July,

2021, 9th August, 2021, 16th August, 2021 and 29th September, 2021.

9. It is clear that the Defendant has knowledge of the present suit and the

injunction order dated 16th February, 2021, inasmuch as the Local

Commissioner’s report has recorded that the Defendant has changed its

mark. A perusal of the record shows that, as of June, 2021, the Defendant

continued to use the mark ‘GS STAR’, despite the injunction order dated

16th February, 2021.

10. The rights of the Plaintiff in the mark ‘G STAR’ are clearly borne out

from the record. The Plaintiff’s background has been captured in the Plaint.

A perusal of the same shows that the Plaintiff is using various variants of the

mark ‘G STAR’, including ‘G STAR’ logo form, G-STAR, G-STAR RAW,

RAW, G-RAW and RAW DENIM 3301. The mark ‘G-STAR’ and its

formative marks have also been registered by the Plaintiff in Classes 3, 18,

25, and 9. The details of the said registrations are as under:

Trademark No. Classes Status

G-STAR 640597 25 Registered

654628 03 Registered


654629 18 Registered

654630 25 Registered

G-Star 1603526 9,41 Registered

1708619 18, 25 & 35 Registered

2292047 03,09, 14, 18, 25

& 35

Registered

2292048 18, 25 & 35 Registered

2292045 18 & 25 Registered

11. In the opinion of this Court, the mark ‘GS STAR’ used by the

Defendant is clearly identical and deceptively similar to the Plaintiff’s mark

‘G-STAR’. There can be no justification for use of the said mark in respect

of identical products, especially when the mark of the Plaintiff is registered

in India and the mark is being used the Plaintiff in India. The Defendant is

also conscious of the importance of trade marks and, has in fact, has filed

the Trademark Application bearing no.4003995, for the registration of the

mark ‘GS STAR’ in Class 25, on 21st November, 2018, on a ‘proposed to be

used’ basis.

12. The Plaintiff is clearly the prior user of the mark ‘G-STAR’ globally

as also in India. The Plaintiff also enjoys goodwill and reputation in the said

mark ‘G-STAR’ in relation to apparels and garments. The Plaintiff has also

opposed the trademark of the Defendant.

13. In view of the non-appearance on behalf of the Defendant despite

service, this Court is of the opinion that no ex parte evidence would be required in this matter, in view of the decision of the ld. Single Judge of this Court in Disney Enterprises Inc. & Anr. v. Balraj Muttneja &Ors. [CS (OS) 3466/2012 decided on 20th February, 2014]. The same has been reiterated by the Court in S. Oliver Bernd Freier GMBH & CO. KG v. Jaikara Apparels and Ors. [210 (2014) DLT 381], as also, in United Coffee House v. Raghav Kalra and Ors. [2013 (55) PTC 414 (Del)]. The relevant observations from the judgment in Disney Enterprises Inc. (supra), are as under:

“3. Though the defendants entered appearance

through their counsel on 01.02.2013 but remained

unrepresented thereafter and failed to file a written

statement as well. The defendants were thus directed to

be proceeded ex-parte vide order dated 04.10.2013and

the plaintiffs permitted to file affidavits by way of

exparte evidence. 4. The plaintiffs, despite having been

granted sufficient time and several opportunities, have

failed to get their affidavits for leading ex-parte

evidence on record. However, it is not deemed

expedient to further await the same and allow this

matter to languish, for the reason that I have in

Indian Performing Rights Society Ltd. Vs. Gauhati

Town Club MANU/DE/0582/2013 held that where the

defendant is ex parte and the material before the

Court is sufficient to allow the claim of the plaintiff,

the time of the Court should not be wasted in

directing ex parte evidence to be recorded and which

mostly is nothing buta repetition of the contents of the

plaint.”

14. In the facts and circumstances of this case, this Court is empowered

under the Rule 27 of the Delhi High Court Intellectual Property Division

Rules, 2022 to pass summary judgment, without the requirement of filing a


specific application seeking the same. Accordingly, the present suit is

decreed in terms of the reliefs sought in paragraphs 49(a), (b) and (c) of the

Plaint.

15. Further, the Defendant has deliberately continued the use of the mark

‘GS STAR’ despite being aware of the Plaintiff’s mark ‘G-STAR’ as also

the reputation thereof, through the opposition proceedings to its mark. The

said opposition was filed by the Plaintiff in June, 2020. Thereafter, the

Defendant filed the Counter Statement on 15th August, 2020, but continued

to use the mark ‘GS STAR’ for almost a year till June, 2021. Thus, the use

by the Defendant of the mark ‘GS STAR’ after the filing of the opposition

by the Plaintiff, is clearly deliberate and intentional. In view of the above,

this is a fit case for grant of damages, in terms of the relief sought in

paragraph 49(e) of the Plaint, to the tune of Rs.10,00,000/- in favour of the

Plaintiff and against the Defendant. The said damages be paid to the Plaintiff

by the Defendant, within eight weeks.

16. The Plaintiff has also incurred litigation costs, including court fee,

fees of the Local Commissioner and other expenses. Thus, costs of

Rs.3,50,000/- is also awarded in favour of the Plaintiff, in terms of the relief

sought in paragraph 49(g) of the Plaint. Let the said costs be paid to the

Plaintiff by the Defendant, within eight weeks.

17. Decree sheet be drawn accordingly. All pending applications are

disposed of. If the payments in terms of this decree are not made, the

Plaintiff is at liberty to avail of its remedies, in accordance with law.

PRATHIBA M. SINGH

JUDGE

APRIL 28, 2022/dj/sk/ad

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