In Usha Balashaheb Swami & Ors. vs. Kiran Appaso
Swami & Ors., 2007(2) RCR (Civil) 830, the Hon'ble Apex
Court summed up the criteria for allowing or disallowing the
amendment of written statement. Para Nos.20 and 23 of the
aforesaid judgment are being reproduced hereasunder:-
“20. It is equally well settled principle that a
prayer for amendment of the plaint and a
prayer for amendment of the written statement
stand on different footings. The general
principle that amendment of pleadings cannot
be allowed so as to alter materially or
substitute cause of action or the nature of
claim applies to amendments to plaint. It has
no counterpart in the principles relating to
amendment of the written statement.
Therefore, addition of a new ground of defence
or substituting or altering a defence or taking
inconsistent pleas in the written statement
would not be objectionable while adding,
altering or substituting a new cause of action in
the plaint may be objectionable.
23. Keeping these principles in mind, namely,
that in a case of amendment of a written
statement the Courts would be more liberal in
allowing than that of a plaint as the question of
prejudice would be far less in the former than
in the latter and addition of a new ground of
defence or substituting or altering a defence or
taking inconsistent pleas in the written
statement can also be allowed, we may now
proceed to consider whether the High Court
was justified in rejecting the application for
amendment of the written statement.”
[10]. Evidently, the Court is conferred with the powers at any
stage of the proceedings to allow amendment in the written
statement, if in the opinion of the Court such amendment may
be necessary for real determination of issues between the
parties. Amendment can be allowed, even after commencement
of the trial, if in the opinion of the Court that amendment could
not be brought on despite knowledge and due diligence by the
party and the party could not have raised the matter before
commencement of the trial. The amendment in the written
statement has to be liberally construed unless and until serious
prejudice or irreparable loss is caused to the opposite side or
the amendment is mala fide.
IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA
AT CHANDIGARH
CR No.5426 of 2016
Date of Decision: 05.09.2016
Tarsem Singh
Vs
Kashmir Kaur
CORAM: MR. JUSTICE RAJ MOHAN SINGH
Citation: AIR 2017(NOC) 35 P&H
[1]. Petitioner has assailed order dated 12.07.2016 passed
by Civil Judge (Senior Division), Gurdaspur vide which
application under Order 6 Rule 17 CPC for amendment of
written statement was declined.
[2]. The proposed amendment was to the effect that the
plaintiff in para No.2 of the plaint has pleaded that Darbara
Singh died interstate on 13.05.2009 leaving behind his two sons
namely Prem Singh and Tarsem Singh i.e. defendants No.1 and
2. After the demise of Darbara Singh, the suit property was
succeeded by defendants No.1 and 2 in equal shares.
[3]. In the written statement filed by the defendants, it was
admitted that the property left by Darbara Singh was succeeded
by defendants No.1 and 2 in equal shares. It was pleaded in the
application for proposed amendment that inadvertently other
facts could not be pleaded in the written statement. In fact,
Darbara Singh did not die interstate, rather he executed a
registered Will dated 27.01.1988 in a sound and disposing mind
whereby he bequeathed his entire movable or immovable
property in favour of his sons i.e. defendants No.1 and 2 in
equal shares. Therefore, after the demise of Darbara Singh,
defendants No.1 and 2 not only became owner by inheritance,
but also by virtue of Will dated 27.01.1988.
[4]. Applicant/defendant No.2 filed the application for
amendment of para No.3 of the written statement in the
following manner:-
Para No.3: “Admitted that Darbara Singh died
on 13.05.2009 but it is specifically denied that
Darbara Singh died interstate. In fact Darbara
Singh executed a valid, genuine and natural
Will on 27.01.1988 while having a sound
disposing mind during his lifetime on account
of love and affection for his sons defendants
No.1 and 2, whereby he bequeathed his
moveable and immoveable property, in favour
of his sons defendants No.1 and 2 as such
after demise of Darbara Singh, defendants
No.1 and 2 succeeded the suit property in
equal shares by virtue of Will dated
27.01.1988”.
[5]. The proposed amendment was objected to by
defendant No.3-Kashmir Kaur on the ground that after the
demise of Darbara Singh in the year 2009, a mutation of
inheritance on the basis of natural succession was sanctioned
on 07.07.2010. Thereafter, she purchased the property vide
sale deed dated 23.07.2010 and became bona fide purchaser of
the property without notice of any Will.
[6]. Suit was filed on 03.10.2010. The case was already
fixed for defendants' evidence. Defendant No.3 objected to the
amendment on the ground that in the initial written statement,
the factum of Will was not pleaded and with the introduction of
new plea in the written statement, the material prejudice would
be caused to defendant No.3 who has become bona fide
purchaser for consideration without notice.
[7]. It is mandatory on Court to allow all amendments which
are necessary for the purpose of determining the real question
in controversy between the parties. At the same time, the Court
is not obligated to go into the correctness or falsity of the case
of either side in the amendment. The Court should not record
any finding on merits of the amendment. The merits of the
amendment sought to be incorporated by way of amendment
are not to be adjudged at the stage of allowing the prayer of
amendment.
[8]. Rule of amendment is essentially a rule of justice,
equity and good conscience and it has to be exercised in larger
interest of doing complete justice to the parties. All bona fide
amendments necessary for determining issue between the
parties should be allowed. First part of Rule 17 CPC gives
direction to the Court, but second part is imperative and enjoins
the Court to allow all necessary amendments. Procedural
hurdles ought not to impede the cause of justice in dispensation
mechanism.
[9]. In Usha Balashaheb Swami & Ors. vs. Kiran Appaso
Swami & Ors., 2007(2) RCR (Civil) 830, the Hon'ble Apex
Court summed up the criteria for allowing or disallowing the
amendment of written statement. Para Nos.20 and 23 of the
aforesaid judgment are being reproduced hereasunder:-
“20. It is equally well settled principle that a
prayer for amendment of the plaint and a
prayer for amendment of the written statement
stand on different footings. The general
principle that amendment of pleadings cannot
be allowed so as to alter materially or
substitute cause of action or the nature of
claim applies to amendments to plaint. It has
no counterpart in the principles relating to
amendment of the written statement.
Therefore, addition of a new ground of defence
or substituting or altering a defence or taking
inconsistent pleas in the written statement
would not be objectionable while adding,
altering or substituting a new cause of action in
the plaint may be objectionable.
23. Keeping these principles in mind, namely,
that in a case of amendment of a written
statement the Courts would be more liberal in
allowing than that of a plaint as the question of
prejudice would be far less in the former than
in the latter and addition of a new ground of
defence or substituting or altering a defence or
taking inconsistent pleas in the written
statement can also be allowed, we may now
proceed to consider whether the High Court
was justified in rejecting the application for
amendment of the written statement.”
[10]. Evidently, the Court is conferred with the powers at any
stage of the proceedings to allow amendment in the written
statement, if in the opinion of the Court such amendment may
be necessary for real determination of issues between the
parties. Amendment can be allowed, even after commencement
of the trial, if in the opinion of the Court that amendment could
not be brought on despite knowledge and due diligence by the
party and the party could not have raised the matter before
commencement of the trial. The amendment in the written
statement has to be liberally construed unless and until serious
prejudice or irreparable loss is caused to the opposite side or
the amendment is mala fide.
[11]. The question for consideration in the present lis is
whether the proposed amendment is inconsistent with the plea
already raised in the original written statement and the same
can be raised at this stage. Since, defendant is entitled to
incorporate inconsistent pleas by way of amendment of written
statement, therefore, the question of its being inconsistent and
not to be introduced by way of proposed amendment does not
arise inasmuch that firstly the proposed amendment would not
change the nature of the suit, rather it is in the form of
explanation that besides ownership by way of natural
succession, defendants No.1 and 2 were also owners by virtue
of registered sale deed dated 27.01.1988.
[12]. The factum of alleged status of defendant No.3 being
that of bona fide purchaser or otherwise would be gone into by
the trial Court at the relevant stage. The evidentiary value of the
amendment would be considered by the trial Court at the time of
trial. At this stage, evidentiary value cannot be judged. The
amendment is only informative in character and is based on a
document which was registered in the year 1988. The trial Court
would be justified in appraising the evidence of both the sides in
accordance with law and then returned the findings based on
such evidence. The defendant is entitled to incorporate
inconsistent as well as mutual destructive plea as the
parameters for amendment of written statement are entirely
different, than the parameters for the amendment of the plaint.
[13]. In considered opinion of this Court, the amendment
needs to be allowed, however subject to payment of costs of
Rs.10,000/- which would be a condition precedent for
entertaining amended written statement on record.
[14]. In view of aforesaid, this revision petition is accordingly
allowed.
Swami & Ors., 2007(2) RCR (Civil) 830, the Hon'ble Apex
Court summed up the criteria for allowing or disallowing the
amendment of written statement. Para Nos.20 and 23 of the
aforesaid judgment are being reproduced hereasunder:-
“20. It is equally well settled principle that a
prayer for amendment of the plaint and a
prayer for amendment of the written statement
stand on different footings. The general
principle that amendment of pleadings cannot
be allowed so as to alter materially or
substitute cause of action or the nature of
claim applies to amendments to plaint. It has
no counterpart in the principles relating to
amendment of the written statement.
Therefore, addition of a new ground of defence
or substituting or altering a defence or taking
inconsistent pleas in the written statement
would not be objectionable while adding,
altering or substituting a new cause of action in
the plaint may be objectionable.
23. Keeping these principles in mind, namely,
that in a case of amendment of a written
statement the Courts would be more liberal in
allowing than that of a plaint as the question of
prejudice would be far less in the former than
in the latter and addition of a new ground of
defence or substituting or altering a defence or
taking inconsistent pleas in the written
statement can also be allowed, we may now
proceed to consider whether the High Court
was justified in rejecting the application for
amendment of the written statement.”
[10]. Evidently, the Court is conferred with the powers at any
stage of the proceedings to allow amendment in the written
statement, if in the opinion of the Court such amendment may
be necessary for real determination of issues between the
parties. Amendment can be allowed, even after commencement
of the trial, if in the opinion of the Court that amendment could
not be brought on despite knowledge and due diligence by the
party and the party could not have raised the matter before
commencement of the trial. The amendment in the written
statement has to be liberally construed unless and until serious
prejudice or irreparable loss is caused to the opposite side or
the amendment is mala fide.
IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA
AT CHANDIGARH
CR No.5426 of 2016
Date of Decision: 05.09.2016
Tarsem Singh
Vs
Kashmir Kaur
CORAM: MR. JUSTICE RAJ MOHAN SINGH
Citation: AIR 2017(NOC) 35 P&H
[1]. Petitioner has assailed order dated 12.07.2016 passed
by Civil Judge (Senior Division), Gurdaspur vide which
application under Order 6 Rule 17 CPC for amendment of
written statement was declined.
[2]. The proposed amendment was to the effect that the
plaintiff in para No.2 of the plaint has pleaded that Darbara
Singh died interstate on 13.05.2009 leaving behind his two sons
namely Prem Singh and Tarsem Singh i.e. defendants No.1 and
2. After the demise of Darbara Singh, the suit property was
succeeded by defendants No.1 and 2 in equal shares.
[3]. In the written statement filed by the defendants, it was
admitted that the property left by Darbara Singh was succeeded
by defendants No.1 and 2 in equal shares. It was pleaded in the
application for proposed amendment that inadvertently other
facts could not be pleaded in the written statement. In fact,
Darbara Singh did not die interstate, rather he executed a
registered Will dated 27.01.1988 in a sound and disposing mind
whereby he bequeathed his entire movable or immovable
property in favour of his sons i.e. defendants No.1 and 2 in
equal shares. Therefore, after the demise of Darbara Singh,
defendants No.1 and 2 not only became owner by inheritance,
but also by virtue of Will dated 27.01.1988.
[4]. Applicant/defendant No.2 filed the application for
amendment of para No.3 of the written statement in the
following manner:-
Para No.3: “Admitted that Darbara Singh died
on 13.05.2009 but it is specifically denied that
Darbara Singh died interstate. In fact Darbara
Singh executed a valid, genuine and natural
Will on 27.01.1988 while having a sound
disposing mind during his lifetime on account
of love and affection for his sons defendants
No.1 and 2, whereby he bequeathed his
moveable and immoveable property, in favour
of his sons defendants No.1 and 2 as such
after demise of Darbara Singh, defendants
No.1 and 2 succeeded the suit property in
equal shares by virtue of Will dated
27.01.1988”.
[5]. The proposed amendment was objected to by
defendant No.3-Kashmir Kaur on the ground that after the
demise of Darbara Singh in the year 2009, a mutation of
inheritance on the basis of natural succession was sanctioned
on 07.07.2010. Thereafter, she purchased the property vide
sale deed dated 23.07.2010 and became bona fide purchaser of
the property without notice of any Will.
[6]. Suit was filed on 03.10.2010. The case was already
fixed for defendants' evidence. Defendant No.3 objected to the
amendment on the ground that in the initial written statement,
the factum of Will was not pleaded and with the introduction of
new plea in the written statement, the material prejudice would
be caused to defendant No.3 who has become bona fide
purchaser for consideration without notice.
[7]. It is mandatory on Court to allow all amendments which
are necessary for the purpose of determining the real question
in controversy between the parties. At the same time, the Court
is not obligated to go into the correctness or falsity of the case
of either side in the amendment. The Court should not record
any finding on merits of the amendment. The merits of the
amendment sought to be incorporated by way of amendment
are not to be adjudged at the stage of allowing the prayer of
amendment.
[8]. Rule of amendment is essentially a rule of justice,
equity and good conscience and it has to be exercised in larger
interest of doing complete justice to the parties. All bona fide
amendments necessary for determining issue between the
parties should be allowed. First part of Rule 17 CPC gives
direction to the Court, but second part is imperative and enjoins
the Court to allow all necessary amendments. Procedural
hurdles ought not to impede the cause of justice in dispensation
mechanism.
[9]. In Usha Balashaheb Swami & Ors. vs. Kiran Appaso
Swami & Ors., 2007(2) RCR (Civil) 830, the Hon'ble Apex
Court summed up the criteria for allowing or disallowing the
amendment of written statement. Para Nos.20 and 23 of the
aforesaid judgment are being reproduced hereasunder:-
“20. It is equally well settled principle that a
prayer for amendment of the plaint and a
prayer for amendment of the written statement
stand on different footings. The general
principle that amendment of pleadings cannot
be allowed so as to alter materially or
substitute cause of action or the nature of
claim applies to amendments to plaint. It has
no counterpart in the principles relating to
amendment of the written statement.
Therefore, addition of a new ground of defence
or substituting or altering a defence or taking
inconsistent pleas in the written statement
would not be objectionable while adding,
altering or substituting a new cause of action in
the plaint may be objectionable.
23. Keeping these principles in mind, namely,
that in a case of amendment of a written
statement the Courts would be more liberal in
allowing than that of a plaint as the question of
prejudice would be far less in the former than
in the latter and addition of a new ground of
defence or substituting or altering a defence or
taking inconsistent pleas in the written
statement can also be allowed, we may now
proceed to consider whether the High Court
was justified in rejecting the application for
amendment of the written statement.”
[10]. Evidently, the Court is conferred with the powers at any
stage of the proceedings to allow amendment in the written
statement, if in the opinion of the Court such amendment may
be necessary for real determination of issues between the
parties. Amendment can be allowed, even after commencement
of the trial, if in the opinion of the Court that amendment could
not be brought on despite knowledge and due diligence by the
party and the party could not have raised the matter before
commencement of the trial. The amendment in the written
statement has to be liberally construed unless and until serious
prejudice or irreparable loss is caused to the opposite side or
the amendment is mala fide.
[11]. The question for consideration in the present lis is
whether the proposed amendment is inconsistent with the plea
already raised in the original written statement and the same
can be raised at this stage. Since, defendant is entitled to
incorporate inconsistent pleas by way of amendment of written
statement, therefore, the question of its being inconsistent and
not to be introduced by way of proposed amendment does not
arise inasmuch that firstly the proposed amendment would not
change the nature of the suit, rather it is in the form of
explanation that besides ownership by way of natural
succession, defendants No.1 and 2 were also owners by virtue
of registered sale deed dated 27.01.1988.
[12]. The factum of alleged status of defendant No.3 being
that of bona fide purchaser or otherwise would be gone into by
the trial Court at the relevant stage. The evidentiary value of the
amendment would be considered by the trial Court at the time of
trial. At this stage, evidentiary value cannot be judged. The
amendment is only informative in character and is based on a
document which was registered in the year 1988. The trial Court
would be justified in appraising the evidence of both the sides in
accordance with law and then returned the findings based on
such evidence. The defendant is entitled to incorporate
inconsistent as well as mutual destructive plea as the
parameters for amendment of written statement are entirely
different, than the parameters for the amendment of the plaint.
[13]. In considered opinion of this Court, the amendment
needs to be allowed, however subject to payment of costs of
Rs.10,000/- which would be a condition precedent for
entertaining amended written statement on record.
[14]. In view of aforesaid, this revision petition is accordingly
allowed.
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