Wednesday, 1 February 2017

Whether arbitration agreement not signed by parties is valid?

Learned counsel for the respondent – plaintiff
further   submitted   that   in   view   of   Section   7   of   the
Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, unless and until
the   written   document   is   signed   by   both   the   sides,
arbitration agreement cannot come into existence.   This
proposition is not at all acceptable.   The provision of
Section 7 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996,
is as under:­
   “7. Arbitration agreement ­ 
(1) In this Part, "arbitration agreement" means
an   agreement   by   the   parties   to   submit   to
arbitration all or certain disputes which have
arisen   or   which   may   arise   between   them   in
respect   of   a   defined   legal   relationship,
whether contractual or not.
(2) An arbitration agreement may be in the form
of   an   arbitration   clause   in   a   contract   or   in
the form of a separate agreement.
(3)   An   arbitration   agreement   shall   be   in

writing.
(4) An   arbitration   agreement   is   in   writing   if
it is contained in­
(a) a document signed by the parties;
(b) an exchange of letters, telex, telegrams or
other means of telecommunication which provide
a record of the agreement; or
(c)   an   exchange   of   statements   of   claim   and
defence in which the existence of the agreement
is alleged by one party and not denied by the
other.
(5) The reference in a contract to a document
containing an arbitration clause constitutes an
arbitration   agreement   if   the   contract   is   in
writing   and   the   reference   is   such   as   to   make
that arbitration clause part of the contract.”
11] Section   7(1)   of   the   Act   gives   the   meaning   of
arbitration agreement.  In Section 7(2), it is mentioned
that arbitration agreement may be in the form of a clause
in the contract itself or it may be in a separate form or
a separate agreement. Section 7(3) shows that arbitration
agreement needs to be in writing.  Thus, it can be said
that in Section 7(3), it is made clear that arbitration
agreement should be in writing but this sub­section does
not show that unless and until it is signed by both the
sides,   the   agreement   will   not   come   into   existence.

Section   7(4)   gives   the   meaning   of   written   agreement.
Sub­section 4(a) shows that it can be inferred that it is
an   written   agreement   if   a   document   is   signed   by   the
parties.   Sub­section 4(b) shows that written agreement
can   come   into   existence   by   exchange   of   letter,   telex,
telegrams   or   other   means   of   telecommunication   which
provide   a   record   of   the   agreement.     Sub­section   4(c)
shows that arbitration agreement can come into existence
by   exchange   of   statements   of   claim   and   defence   also.
Thus,   when   the   purchase   order   is   placed,   as   in   the
present   case,   the   matter   will   fall   u/s   7(4)(b).     This
sub­section   does   not   show   that   there   needs   to   be
signature of other party.  In the present matter, written
order like purchase order was given by the defendant to
the plaintiff and the order provided that it was upto the
plaintiff   either   to   accept   or   not   to   accept   this
proposal.  As the supply was made by the plaintiff as per
this order and there is specific admission in that regard
in   the   plaint,   it   needs   to   be   presumed   that   the   offer
given by the defendant was accepted by the plaintiff and
this acceptance was for all the terms and conditions of
the contract.  It is already observed that the terms and

conditions of the contract can be found in the purchase
order and in Annexure 'A'.
12] The   aforesaid   position   of   law   and   facts   and
circumstances of present case show that the trial Court
has committed  error in  observing  that  signature of  the
plaintiff was necessary on this document and as signature
is not there, there was no agreement to refer the dispute
to arbitrator.  This objection was taken prior to filing
of   written   statement   as   provided   in   Section   8   of   the
Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 by the defendant.
In view of these circumstances, it is necessary for the
parties   to   refer   the   dispute   to   Arbitral   Tribunal   as
provided in the aforesaid clauses of the contract.  It is
not possible for Civil Court to directly refer the matter
to   arbitrator   as   the   procedure   as   laid   down   in   the
aforesaid clauses need to be followed by the parties to
the contract.   Thus, there is no other alternative than
to   return   the   plaint   for   referring   the   matter   to
arbitrator.  
                     
      IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
                     BENCH AT AURANGABAD      
              
      CIVIL REVISION APPLICATION NO.134/2015
Indus Towers Limited,

                         V
Sow.Ashatai w/o Bapurao Kagne,

CORAM: T.V. NALAWADE, J.
  
DATE:  18.11.2015
Citation: 2016(6) ALLMR 877



1] Rule.     Rule   made   returnable   forthwith.     By
consent, heard both the sides for final disposal of the

revision application.
2] Present proceedings are filed to challenge the
order dated 10.12.2013 made on Exhibit 9 in Special Civil
Suit   No.349/2012   by   learned   VIth   Joint   Civil   Judge,
Senior Division, Aurangabad.  The application at Exhibit
9 was filed by present petitioner – defendant under the
provision   of   Order   VII   Rule   10   of   the   Code   of   Civil
Procedure   and   he   had   prayed   for   return   of   the   plaint.
The   said   application   is   rejected   by   the   learned   trial
Court.
3] The   suit   is   filed   in   respect   of   the   amount,
which is   due to plaintiff from defendant in respect of
supply of diesel.  It is the case of the plaintiff that
as per the purchase order dated 23.7.2008, the plaintiff
had   supplied   diesel   during   contract   period   to   the
defendant, but only some amount is paid by the defendant
and   the   suit   amount   is   still   outstanding   against   the
defendant.     It   is   contended   that   even   after   making   of
demand of this amount by the plaintiff, the defendant has
not made payment and so the suit is required to be filed.
4] By   filing   application   at   Exhibit   9,   the
defendant contended that there is arbitration clause in

the agreement, which was entered into by the parties and
in   view   of   that   agreement,   the   matter   needs   to   be
referred to Arbitrator and the matter is not tenable in
Civil Court.
5] The trial Court has observed that the document
of   contract   does   not   show   that   the   plaintiff   had
consented to refer the dispute to Arbitrator as there is
no signature of the plaintiff on the so called written
agreement.
6] In the plaint paragraph no.3, the plaintiff has
made a mention that on the basis of purchase order, the
supply of diesel was made by her.  The contents of this
paragraph further show that alongwith the purchase order,
there was annexure like 'A' sent by the defendant to the
plaintiff.     Alongwith   the   plaint,   the   plaintiff   has
produced   copy   of   the   purchase   order   and   first   page   of
Annexure 'A'.   The purchase order shows that there was
verbal talk between the parties and on that basis, the
purchase   order   was   sent   by   the   defendant.     In   the
purchase order, the terms and conditions of the contract
are mentioned and they include the particulars like rate
of the diesel, the quantity and the period during which

the diesel was to be supplied.  The payment in respect of
the   supply   was   to   be   made   after   the   delivery.     The
general   terms   and   conditions   of   the   contract   are
appearing on the purchase order and there is also mention
that the terms and conditions quoted in Annexure 'A' are
also the terms and conditions of the contract.
7] Clause   16   of   Annexure   'A'   contains   the
arbitration clause and it runs as under:­
“16.  DISPUTES / ARBITRATION 
   In the event of any dispute arising between
the two Parties relating to the various terms and
conditions   set   forth   in   the   contract,   the   two
Parties undertake to resolve  the differences  by
mutual   consultation.     In   the   event   of   their
inability to resolve the disputes, all questions,
disputes   and   differences   arising   under   or   in
relation to this Agreement shall be referred to
two   Arbitrators.   Each   Party   to   appoint   his   own
Arbitrator by giving notice to other Party.  Two
appointed   Arbitrators   with   the   consent   of   each
other   will   appoint   the   third   Arbitrator.     The
award   of   the   Arbitrators   so   appointed   shall   be
final, conclusive and binding on all the Parties
to   the   Agreement   and   provisions   of   the
Arbitration   &   Conciliation   Act,   1996   or   any
statutory   modification   or   re­enactment   thereof
and   the   Rules   made   thereunder   and   for   the   time

being   in   force   shall   apply   to   the   arbitration
proceedings   under   this   clause.     Venue   of   the
arbitration shall be at Mumbai.”
8] At Clause 13 of Annexure 'A', there is a mention
about the documents, which can be referred to ascertain
the terms and conditions of contract and Clause 13 runs
as under:­
“13.  ENTIRE AGREEMENT 
     This Agreement and the Schedule and Annexure
hereto   constitute   the   entire   understanding
between the parties concerning the subject matter
hereof   and   supercede   all   prior   discussions,
agreements   and   representations,   whether   oral   or
written   and   whether   or   not   executed   by   and
between the parties.”
9] Learned counsel for the respondent ­ plaintiff
submitted that only the first page of Annexure 'A” was
sent by the defendant alongwith the purchase order and so
it cannot be said that there was agreement between the
parties to refer such dispute to Arbitral Tribunal.  This
contention   is   not   acceptable.     Even   Clause   No.1.1(d)
appearing on first page of Annexure 'A” is not complete.
It   does   not   look   viable   that   without   ascertaining   the

terms and conditions of the contract, the plaintiff had
made supply of the diesel when the amount was to be paid
after   the   delivery.     It   needs   to   be   presumed   for   the
present   purpose   that   only   after   going   through   all   the
terms and conditions of the contract, the supply was made
by the plaintiff.
10] Learned counsel for the respondent – plaintiff
further   submitted   that   in   view   of   Section   7   of   the
Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, unless and until
the   written   document   is   signed   by   both   the   sides,
arbitration agreement cannot come into existence.   This
proposition is not at all acceptable.   The provision of
Section 7 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996,
is as under:­
   “7. Arbitration agreement ­ 
(1) In this Part, "arbitration agreement" means
an   agreement   by   the   parties   to   submit   to
arbitration all or certain disputes which have
arisen   or   which   may   arise   between   them   in
respect   of   a   defined   legal   relationship,
whether contractual or not.
(2) An arbitration agreement may be in the form
of   an   arbitration   clause   in   a   contract   or   in
the form of a separate agreement.
(3)   An   arbitration   agreement   shall   be   in

writing.
(4) An   arbitration   agreement   is   in   writing   if
it is contained in­
(a) a document signed by the parties;
(b) an exchange of letters, telex, telegrams or
other means of telecommunication which provide
a record of the agreement; or
(c)   an   exchange   of   statements   of   claim   and
defence in which the existence of the agreement
is alleged by one party and not denied by the
other.
(5) The reference in a contract to a document
containing an arbitration clause constitutes an
arbitration   agreement   if   the   contract   is   in
writing   and   the   reference   is   such   as   to   make
that arbitration clause part of the contract.”
11] Section   7(1)   of   the   Act   gives   the   meaning   of
arbitration agreement.  In Section 7(2), it is mentioned
that arbitration agreement may be in the form of a clause
in the contract itself or it may be in a separate form or
a separate agreement. Section 7(3) shows that arbitration
agreement needs to be in writing.  Thus, it can be said
that in Section 7(3), it is made clear that arbitration
agreement should be in writing but this sub­section does
not show that unless and until it is signed by both the
sides,   the   agreement   will   not   come   into   existence.

Section   7(4)   gives   the   meaning   of   written   agreement.
Sub­section 4(a) shows that it can be inferred that it is
an   written   agreement   if   a   document   is   signed   by   the
parties.   Sub­section 4(b) shows that written agreement
can   come   into   existence   by   exchange   of   letter,   telex,
telegrams   or   other   means   of   telecommunication   which
provide   a   record   of   the   agreement.     Sub­section   4(c)
shows that arbitration agreement can come into existence
by   exchange   of   statements   of   claim   and   defence   also.
Thus,   when   the   purchase   order   is   placed,   as   in   the
present   case,   the   matter   will   fall   u/s   7(4)(b).     This
sub­section   does   not   show   that   there   needs   to   be
signature of other party.  In the present matter, written
order like purchase order was given by the defendant to
the plaintiff and the order provided that it was upto the
plaintiff   either   to   accept   or   not   to   accept   this
proposal.  As the supply was made by the plaintiff as per
this order and there is specific admission in that regard
in   the   plaint,   it   needs   to   be   presumed   that   the   offer
given by the defendant was accepted by the plaintiff and
this acceptance was for all the terms and conditions of
the contract.  It is already observed that the terms and

conditions of the contract can be found in the purchase
order and in Annexure 'A'.
12] The   aforesaid   position   of   law   and   facts   and
circumstances of present case show that the trial Court
has committed  error in  observing  that  signature of  the
plaintiff was necessary on this document and as signature
is not there, there was no agreement to refer the dispute
to arbitrator.  This objection was taken prior to filing
of   written   statement   as   provided   in   Section   8   of   the
Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 by the defendant.
In view of these circumstances, it is necessary for the
parties   to   refer   the   dispute   to   Arbitral   Tribunal   as
provided in the aforesaid clauses of the contract.  It is
not possible for Civil Court to directly refer the matter
to   arbitrator   as   the   procedure   as   laid   down   in   the
aforesaid clauses need to be followed by the parties to
the contract.   Thus, there is no other alternative than
to   return   the   plaint   for   referring   the   matter   to
arbitrator.  
13] The   learned   counsel   for   the   respondent   –
plaintiff placed reliance on  Karam Chand Thapar & Bros.
(Cs)   v.   Akaljot   Singh   Sekhom  reported   at  2005   (3)


Mh.L.J., 797.   The facts and circumstances of this case
are altogether different.  This case is of no help to the
respondent – plaintiff.
14] In the result, the civil revision application is
allowed.  The order dated 10.12.2013 made on Exhibit 9 in
Special   Civil   Suit   No.349/2012   by   learned   VIth   Joint
Civil Judge, Senior Division, Aurangabad, is hereby set
aside.     The   application   filed   at   Exhibit   9   by   the
defendant is hereby allowed.   The plaint be returned to
the plaintiff for following the procedure for appointment
of Arbitral Tribunal.
                (T.V. NALAWADE, J.)

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