relinquishment of right in items No.1 and 2, Ex.D22 could be taken
as family arrangements/settlements. There is no provision of law
requiring family settlements to be reduced to writing and
registered, though when reduced to writing the question of
registration may arise. Binding family arrangements dealing with
immovable property worth more than rupees hundred can be made
orally and when so made, no question of registration arises. If,
however, it is reduced to the form of writing with the purpose that
the terms should be evidenced by it, it required registration and
without registration it is inadmissible; but the said family
arrangement can be used as corroborative piece of evidence for
showing or explaining the conduct of the parties. In the present
case, Ex.D22 panchayat resolution reduced into writing, though
not registered can be used as a piece of evidence explaining the
settlement arrived at and the conduct of the parties in receiving the
money from the defendant in lieu of relinquishing their interest in
items No.1 and 2.
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5805 OF 2016
(Arising out of SLP(C) No.27268 of 2008
SUBRAYA M.N
V
VITTALA M.N. & ORS.
Citation:2017 (1) Mh.L.J. 21
2. This appeal is preferred against the judgment dated
20.03.2008 passed by the High Court of Karnataka in R.F.A.
No.805 of 1998 dismissing the appeal preferred by the
appellant-defendant and thereby confirming the judgment and
decree for partition passed by the trial court.
3. Briefly stated the case of respondents-plaintiffs is as
follows:-The appellant-defendant and the respondents-plaintiffs are
the sons of one late Narayana. The suit scheduled property
comprises of item No.1 bearing S.No.69/69 measuring 1.00 acre;
item No.2 bearing S.No.69/70 measuring 0.25 acre and item No.3
bearing S.No.69/5C2 measuring 1.00 acre. Items No. 1 and 2 are
the joint family property of late Narayana. Narayana died in the
year 1962. Plaintiffs No.3 and 4 were working in the army and
were sending money to the joint family and the joint family affairs
were run by the appellant-defendant. Respondents No. 3 and 4
retired from the army in the years 1988 and 1989 respectively.
House in item No.2 was constructed in the year 1980 from out of
the joint family income and the contribution made by respondents
No.3 and 4. Late Narayana was in possession of suit property item
No.3 and had converted the same from forest land to a wetland and
the same was further developed from out of the joint family income
and the contribution made by respondents No.3 and 4.
Respondents-plaintiffs averred that taking advantage of absence of
the plaintiffs, appellant filed an application to the Tehsildar for
grant of patta for item No.3-S.No.69/5C2 which was opposed by
the respondents. Alleging that the appellant is attempting to grab
the suit properties, respondents-plaintiffs filed the suit for partition
claiming 1/5th share to each of them.
4. In the written statement, appellant-defendant claimed
that so far as items No.1 and 2 are concerned, plaintiffs No.1 and 2
have sold their shares-0.50 acre of land to the defendant and the
third plaintiff as per sale deed dated 28.04.1976 and plaintiffs have
no right to claim partition in items No.1 and 2. It is further averred
that there was a panchayat in the village on 18.03.1995 wherein
plaintiffs No.3 and 4 and defendant participated and it was agreed
between the parties that the defendant will give Rs.50,000/- to
plaintiffs No. 3 and 4 and defendant will have all rights over items
No.1 and 2. So far as suit property in item No.3 is concerned,
appellant-defendant claimed that he had encroached the said area
of 1.25 acre in S.No.69/5C2 in the year 1962 and converted the
same into wetland and applied to the Government to regularize his
encroachment. After enquiry, the revenue authorities have granted
patta to the defendant and hence item No.3 is the self-acquired
property of the defendant and the plaintiffs have no right to claim
any share.
5. On the above pleadings, trial court framed five issues.
Plaintiffs No. 3 and 4 were examined as PWs 1 and 2 and two more
witnesses were examined as PWs 3 and 4. Defendant examined
himself as DW-1 and examined four other witnesses. During the
course of trial, respondents No.1 and 2-plaintiffs No.1 and 2 were
examined as CWs 1 and 2 and they have stated that they have no
claim or right in items No.1 and 2.
3Page 4
6. Upon consideration of evidence, trial court held that
sale deed (Ex.D13) dated 28.04.1976 is proved and the said sale is
only by plaintiffs No. 1 and 2 and not by plaintiffs No. 3 and 4 and
they cannot be said to have relinquished their right by virtue of
resolution of panchayat or receipts produced as Exs. D14 and D23
as there can be no relinquishment without any registered
documents and on those findings held that plaintiffs No.3 and 4 are
entitled to 1/3rd share each in items No.1 and 2. So far as item
No.3 is concerned, trial court held that the defendant has failed to
prove that the sum of Rs.3489/- paid by him towards the T.T. fine
was from out of his own income and held that the plaintiffs No.3
and 4 are entitled to 1/3rd share each in item No.3 also.
7. Being aggrieved, the defendant preferred appeal before
the High Court in R.F.A. No.805 of 1998. Affirming the judgment of
the trial court, High Court held that in the absence of any
conveyance deed, on the basis of Exs. D14 and D23, it cannot be
held that the share of plaintiffs No.3 and 4 is transferred to the
defendant. So far as item No.3 is concerned, High Court held that
the patta was granted in favour of the defendant after filing of the
suit and the defendant has failed to prove his independent income
to pay the amount for grant of land and on those findings
4Page 5
dismissed the appeal filed by the appellant. Being aggrieved, the
appellant is before us.
8. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that so far
as items No.1 and 2 are concerned, plaintiffs have forfeited their
right after receiving the money paid by the defendant and the
courts below have failed to appreciate the oral and documentary
evidence. It was submitted that courts below failed to appreciate
that the item No.3 was developed and cultivated by the defendant,
in recognition of which patta was granted by the Government to the
defendant on 19.06.1997 and courts below erred in treating item
No.3 of the suit scheduled property as a joint family property. It
was submitted that item no.3 was never in the possession of late
Narayana and that patta had been granted to the defendant after
rejecting the objections made by plaintiffs No.3 and 4, which was
not properly appreciated by the High Court.
9. Per contra, learned counsel for the plaintiffs No. 3 and 4
contended that the appellant-defendant failed to discharge his
burden of proving that the plaintiffs have forfeited their shares in
items No.1 and 2 of the suit scheduled property. It was further
contended that it is brought on evidence that item No.3 of suit
scheduled property was in the possession of late Narayana who had
developed the same and the defendant cannot regard item No.3 as
5Page 6
his self-acquired property. Onbehalf of the plaintiffs, it was urged
that the courts below have recorded concurrent findings that
plaintiffs No.3 and 4 are entitled to 1/3rd share in each of the suit
scheduled property and the said concurrent findings cannot be
interfered with.
10. We have carefully considered the rival contentions and
perused the impugned judgment and material on record.
11. So far as the relationship between the parties is
concerned, it is not in dispute that the defendant and the plaintiffs
are sons of late Narayana. It is also available on record that
Narayana had two daughters who are married and have not
claimed any right with regard to the suit scheduled property. The
mother of the plaintiffs died in the year 1987. Plaintiffs No.1 and 2
examined in the trial court as CWs 1 and 2 have stated that they
do not claim share in the suit properties. Consequently, the dispute
pertaining to partition of the suit scheduled property was limited to
plaintiffs No.3 and 4 and the appellant-defendant.
12. So far as item No.1 in S.No.69/69 measuring 1.00 acre;
item No.2 in S.No.69/70 measuring 0.25 acre are concerned,
plaintiffs No.1 and 2 have executed a registered sale deed (Ex.D13)
dated 28.04.1976 in favour of plaintiff No. 3 and the defendant and
under the sale deed they have sold their shares of 50 cents each
6Page 7
(25 cents + 25 cents). So far as plaintiffs No.3 and 4 are concerned,
case of the defendant is that plaintiffs No.3 and 4 agreed to receive
a sum of Rs.50,000/- in lieu of their shares in items No.1 and 2 of
the suit scheduled property. Defendant had produced Ex.D14
(dated 19.05.1995) executed by plaintiff No.3 for Rs.20,000/- in
favour of the defendant and Ex.D23 (dated 12.12.1994) said to
have been executed by plaintiff No.4 in favour of the defendant in
lieu of his share in the property items No.1 and 2. In his evidence,
defendant-DW-1 stated that a panchayat was held in the village on
18.03.1995 in which plaintiffs No. 3 and 4 and defendant
participated and a resolution (Ex.D22) was passed in the
panchayat. Ex.D22 is the resolution of the village panchayat which
is signed by panchayatdars, defendant and plaintiffs No.3 and 4 in
the presence of panchayatdars. The said resolution reads as
under:-
“…….
It has been decided that Subraya will be given the residential house
and 40 cents of coffee estate being the shares of Gopal and Lingappa
agreed to be sold absolutely to Subraya at Rs.50,000/- each. Out of
the amount of Rs.20,000/- has already been paid by Subraya to
Gopal and Lingappa and remaining amount of Rs.30,000/- is agreed
to be paid by Subraya in two installments i.e. at Rs.15,000/- each
and the 1st instalment of Rs.15,000/- will be paid before 30.4.1996 to
the said Gopal and Lingappa and can obtain receipt therefor and the
balance of Rs.15,000/- is agreed to be paid by Subraya on
15.04.1997 along with the bank rate of interest that is to say,
effective from 18.03.1996 to be discharged through the panchayat
and obtain necessary receipt for the same. Gopal and Lingappa have
relinquished their rights over the property and handed over the same
to Subraya today itself. If the parties to this proceedings do not
7Page 8
perform their part of contract and fail to act, they will held liable and
responsible for the consequences. Subraya will have all the rights
over the property and the house henceforth and enjoy the same and
the Gopal and Lingappa agree to cooperate with Subraya in perfecting
his title.”
Case of the defendant is that the panchayat resolution has been
acted upon and that the defendant has paid a sum of Rs.15,000/-
each to plaintiffs No.3 and 4.
13. To substantiate his plea that there was a panchayat in
which plaintiffs No.3 and 4 have relinquished their rights in items
No.1 and 2 of the suit properties, defendant has examined C.D.
Annaiah (DW-2) who deposed that the plaintiffs No.3 and 4 have
received money from the defendant in respect of items No.1 and 2.
He further stated that as per the panchayat resolution Ex. D22,
defendant had also paid a sum of Rs.15,000/- to each of the
plaintiffs. DW-3-Belliyappa who is the brother-in-law of the
plaintiffs and defendant i.e. husband of their sister by name
Poovamma has stated about the panchayat and that money was
paid by the defendant to plaintiffs No.3 and 4 and third plaintiff
signed the receipt (Ex.D14) and Ex.D23 is the receipt pertaining to
plaintiff No.4 and he has not signed in the receipt.
14. Defendant has also examined DW-4-C.B. Muthappa
who is the Chairman of the Kanoor Village Panchayat had deposed
that the panchayat was held between the parties regarding dispute
8Page 9
in respect of the suit property items No.1 and 2. He had produced
Ex.D34-resolution book of the panchayat containing the original
resolution Ex.D22 dated 18.03.1995.
15. Considering the plea of relinquishment of their right by
plaintiffs No.3 and 4 in items No.1 and 2, after referring to Ex.D22
resolution and the oral evidence, trial court as well as the High
Court held that in the absence of any conveyance deed Exs.D14,
D23 and D22, it cannot be established that plaintiffs No. 3 and 4
have forfeited their rights in respect of items No.1 and 2 of the suit
scheduled property. Courts below have recorded findings that even
though Ex.D14 bears signature of plaintiff No.3, Ex.D23 does not
bear the signature of plaintiff No.4. It was further held that those
two receipts do not indicate that the amount has been received by
plaintiffs No.3 and 4 in lieu of their shares in items No.1 and 2 of
the suit scheduled property and mere production of Ex.D14 and
Ex.D23 receipts are not helpful to the appellant-defendant to
contend that plaintiffs No.3 and 4 have forfeited their rights in
respect of their shares in items No. 1 and 2. Even though Exs. D14
and D23 do not contain the survey number, as noticed earlier,
Ex.D22 panchayat resolution refers to suit scheduled property
items No.1 and 2 in S. No.69/69 measuring 1.00 acre and
S.No.69/70 measuring 0.25 acre and that amount of Rs.20,000/-
9Page 10
has already been paid by the defendant to plaintiffs No.3 and 4. As
pointed out earlier, Ex.D22 resolution is signed by the plaintiffs
No.3 and 4 and also by the panchayatdars. In our considered view,
the trial court as well as the High Court was not right in brushing
aside the oral and documentary evidence adduced by the defendant
to prove that plaintiffs No.3 and 4 have relinquished their right in
items No.1 and 2 of suit scheduled property.
16. Under Section 17 of the Registration Act, the documents
which purport or operate to create, declare, assign, limit or
extinguish any right, title or interest of the value of one hundred
rupees and upwards, are to be registered. Under Section 49 of the
Registration Act no document required by Section 17 or by any
provision of the Transfer of Property Act to be registered shall be
received as evidence of any transaction affecting an immovable
property. As provided by Section 49 of the Registration Act, any
document, which is not registered as required under the law would
be inadmissible in evidence and cannot therefore be produced and
proved under Section 91 of the Evidence Act.
17. Even though recitals in the Ex.D22 is to the effect of
relinquishment of right in items No.1 and 2, Ex.D22 could be taken
as family arrangements/settlements. There is no provision of law
requiring family settlements to be reduced to writing and
registered, though when reduced to writing the question of
registration may arise. Binding family arrangements dealing with
immovable property worth more than rupees hundred can be made
orally and when so made, no question of registration arises. If,
however, it is reduced to the form of writing with the purpose that
the terms should be evidenced by it, it required registration and
without registration it is inadmissible; but the said family
arrangement can be used as corroborative piece of evidence for
showing or explaining the conduct of the parties. In the present
case, Ex.D22 panchayat resolution reduced into writing, though
not registered can be used as a piece of evidence explaining the
settlement arrived at and the conduct of the parties in receiving the
money from the defendant in lieu of relinquishing their interest in
items No.1 and 2.
18. Plaintiffs have denied the contention of the defendant
that plaintiffs No.3 and 4 have received consideration from the
defendant in lieu of relinquishing their claim for items No.1 and 2
of the suit scheduled property. Contention of the plaintiffs is that
all the brothers have cultivated the suit property and have
contributed towards the development of the land belonging to their
family and also contributed for the construction of the house in
item No.2 of the suit property. Plaintiff No. 3 had produced Ex.P8
11Page 12
to P-29-M.O. receipts and acknowledgment cards showing that the
defendant received the amount sent under the money order in the
name of the defendant. Fourth plaintiff-Gopal had also deposed to
the same effect that he has not forfeited his claim in items No.1 and
2 of the suit scheduled property and he has contributed in the
construction of the house in item No.2 of the suit scheduled
property. Plaintiff No.4-Gopal has also produced money order
receipts Exs.P-33 to P-36 to show that he was sending money to
the defendant for cultivation of the land and also produced Ex.P-30
and P-31 regarding purchase of building material. Money order
receipts produced by plaintiffs No.3 and 4 show that they have sent
money to the defendant. But the fact remains that mother of the
plaintiffs and defendant was residing with the defendant and she
died in the year 1987. Money order could have been sent by
plaintiffs No.3 and 4 for maintenance of the mother. In fact,
second plaintiff-Ananthaiah (CW2) has stated that plaintiffs No.3
and 4 used to send small amount of money to their mother when
they were in the army. That being so, case of the plaintiffs No.3
and 4 that the amount was sent only for development of land and
construction of the house ought not to have been accepted by the
trial court and the High Court.
12Page 13
19. As discussed earlier, when the terms of the family
settlement/arrangement between the parties have been reduced to
writing, it has to be registered. But in the facts and circumstances
of this case and the conduct of the parties, Ex.D-22 appears to
record the family settlement already arrived at between the parties.
That Ex.D22-resolution was acted upon is also supported by the
subsequent conduct of the parties. Plaintiffs No.3 and 4 retired
from the army in 1988 and 1989 respectively. In his evidence, third
plaintiff-Lingappa has stated that after his retirement he had
purchased 1.00 acre of land in Thithimathi village and that he had
constructed a good house there. Third plaintiff has been working
as a watchman in the State Bank of Mysore at Hunsur and his wife
was working in the Family Welfare Department as a Warden and
third plaintiff was residing separate with his wife and family. Third
plaintiff had also admitted that he made an application to the
Government for grant of agricultural land to him in his capacity as
ex-serviceman. Likewise, fourth plaintiff had also purchased
property in Kallubane and has constructed his own house in
Kallubane and living separate. Wife of fourth plaintiff is working in
Taluk Office and fourth plaintiff is living with his family members.
20. It is pertinent to note that even though the plaintiffs
No.3 and 4 have retired from the army in 1988 and 1989
13Page 14
respectively and were living separate, they have not made any claim
for partition. Their mother died in 1987. The defendant has made
an application for grant of item No.3 in his name in or about 1991,
the tehsildar has issued proceedings for regularization of item No.3
in the name of the defendant by his proceeding dated 08.12.1995.
The defendant has paid the T.T. fine of Rs.3489/- on
28.03.1996/31.05.1996. Only thereafter, the plaintiffs appear to
have filed the suit for partition. As noticed earlier, during the
course of trial, plaintiffs No. 1 and 2 stated that they have no claim
or right in the suit scheduled property in items No.1 and 2. The
conduct of the parties would also affirm that there was a division in
status of the defendant and the plaintiffs in so far as items No. 1
and 2 are concerned which was affirmed in the panchayat. All
these material facts and evidence were ignored by the courts below
and concurrent findings of courts on items No.1 and 2 is to be set
aside.
21. We are conscious that power under Article 136 of the
Constitution of India is to be exercised sparingly and only in
furtherance of justice. But where both the courts have
mis-appreciated the evidence and ignored the weight of evidence on
record and findings suffer from perversity, this Court would
certainly examine whether the findings are consistent with facts
14Page 15
and evidence on record and interfere with the conclusion. As held
in Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation vs. P.H. Brahmbhatt,
(1974) 3 SCC 601:(1974) 2 SCR 128, where there is gross or
palpable error, the Supreme Court can also consider whether the
finding is wholly inconsistent with the material on record or
whether the lower court has dealt with the evidence in a
perfunctory manner. In the present case, courts below erred in
ignoring the oral and documentary evidence adduced by the
defendant regarding items No.1 and 2 and the findings of the
courts regarding items No.1 and 2 are palpably erroneous and the
same is to be reversed.
22. So far as item No.3 in S.No.69/5C2 measuring 1.00
acre, case of defendant is that Saguvali Chit (patta) was granted to
him and item No.3 is his self-acquired property. For item No.3,
defendant gave application for grant of patta on 08.08.1989 and
again submitted another application on 28.05.1991. By the
proceedings of Tehsildar dated 08.12.1995 under Rule 108 of
Karnataka Land Revenue (Amended) Rule of 1991, patta of item
No.3 was granted in favour of the appellant subject to the
conditions thereon and also subject to payment of T.T. fine imposed
on the said land. The appellant paid T.T. fine of Rs.3489/- vide
chalan dated 28.03.1996 which was acknowledged by the
15Page 16
authorities on 31.05.1996. Thereafter Saguvali Chit (patta) was
granted to the appellant on 19.06.1997, long after filing of the suit.
DW-6-SDA in Taluk Office has produced the records pertaining to
the grant of patta for item No.3 in favour of the defendant.
Defendant has brought on record evidence that villagers have
raised objections for grant of patta of item No.3 to the defendant
and the defendant is said to have paid Rs.1000/- to the villagers.
In this regard, defendant has examined DW-4-C.B.Muthappa who
is working as a Chairman of the Seva Sahkara Sangha of Kanoor
village who has produced Ex.D33-the resolution book which
contains the resolution to the effect that the sum of Rs.1000/- was
paid by the defendant as fine. The documents would show that
Saguvali Chit (patta) for suit item No.3 was granted to the
defendant on 19.06.1997 subsequent to the filing of the suit.
23. Case of the defendant is that since Saguvali Chit (patta)
was granted to him, item No.3 is his self-acquired property.
Rejecting the contention, courts below recorded the findings that
the defendant had not established that the amount of T.T. fine paid
by him was from his earnings and no evidence was adduced to
show his source of income. Placing reliance upon Thimmegowda vs.
Siddegowda ILR 1991 Karnataka 4506, trial court held that item
No.3 is the joint family property of the plaintiffs and the defendant.
16Page 17
24. Refuting defendant’s contention, plaintiffs have stated
that even during the lifetime of their father-Narayana, he was in
possession of item No.3 and the whole family contributed for the
development of item No.3. In his evidence DW-2-C.D.Annaiah has
stated that during his lifetime Narayana was cultivating item No.3.
Likewise, plaintiff No.1-Vittala had also stated that item No.3 of the
suit scheduled property was in the possession of their family
during the lifetime of their father-Narayana.
25. In his written statement defendant had averred that
“………he out of his own toil and sustained efforts encroached an
area of 1.25 acre bearing S.No.69/5C2 in the year 1962 and
converted the same into wetlands and revenue authorities had
regularized his encroachment”. Father-Narayana died in or about
1962. After the death of Narayana, admittedly, defendant was
running the family affairs. After death of Narayana, family must
have continued the cultivation of item No.3. The defendant cannot
claim that he had individually encroached upon item No.3 even in
the year 1962 and was cultivating the same in his individual
capacity by his own exertion. Evidence amply shows that
possession and cultivation of item No.3 was by the family and patta
was granted in the name of the defendant and it is to be held that
the patta was granted for the benefit of the entire family.
17Page 18
26. As discussed earlier, there was division of status among
the brothers, the defendant and plaintiffs No. 3 and 4 during the
year 1995 or at the time when the defendant paid Rs.20,000/- to
plaintiffs No.3 and 4 for relinquishment of their interest in items
No.1 and 2 or on 18.03.1995 when before panchayat resolution
(Ex.D22) was passed. As noticed earlier, appellant had given the
application for grant of patta of item No.3 in 1989 and the same
was renewed in 1991 during which time there was no division of
status among the defendant and plaintiffs No.3 and 4. Since the
grant of item No.3 in the name of the defendant is for the benefit of
the family, trial court and the High Court rightly recorded the
concurrent findings that the plaintiffs are entitled to the share in
item No.3.
27. So far as plaintiffs No. 1 and 2 are concerned, on receipt
of summons they did not appear before the trial court. They were
summoned as court witnesses and examined as CWs 1 and 2. So
far as the share of plaintiffs No.1 and 2 in item No.3, by perusal of
evidence of CWs 1 and 2, it appears that they have relinquished
their interest only in items No. 1 and 2. As the grant of patta for
item No.3 has been held to be for the benefit of the family, plaintiffs
No.1 and 2 are also held entitled for a share in item No.3 and thus
the plaintiffs and defendant are entitled to 1/5th share each in item
18Page 19
No.3. First plaintiff-PW-1 in his evidence stated that he is not
interested in items No. 1 and 2. So far as item No.3, he has stated
that since item No.3 of the suit scheduled property was in
possession of their family during the life time of their father, he
does not know what to ask. Second plaintiff (CW-2) in his evidence
has stated that he is not interested in the share of the suit
properties as the extent is very small. When specifically being
asked about item No. 3, CW2 has stated that he is not interested in
item No. 3 also. Though in their evidence, plaintiffs No.1 and 2
have stated that they are not interested in claiming share, they
have not filed anything in writing that their shares in item No.3
may be given to plaintiffs No.3 and 4 and also the defendant. In
such facts and circumstances, in our view, plaintiffs No. 1 and 2
are entitled to a share in item No.3. However, at the time of final
decree/proceedings, it is open to plaintiffs No.1 and 2 to relinquish
their share in favour of either the defendant or plaintiffs No.3
and 4.
28. In the result, the judgment of the High Court of
Karnataka dated 20.03.2008 in R.F.A. No.805 of 1998 is set aside
so far as suit property items No.1 and 2 is concerned and
respondents/plaintiffs’ suit for partition of items No.1 and 2 is
dismissed. So far as item No.3, impugned judgment is modified
and it is held that all the four respondents/plaintiffs and
appellant/defendant are entitled to 1/5 share each in item No.3.
Accordingly, the appeal is partly allowed. No order as to costs.
….……………………..J.
(KURIAN JOSEPH)
..………………………..J.
(R. BANUMATHI)
New Delhi;
July 05, 2016
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