standing counsel for the State as reported in Rotash (supra) and
Mritunjoy Biswas (supra) duly supported the submissions. In
the decision reported in Rotash (supra), in paragraph 14, this
Court has held as under:
“14. The first information report, as is well known, is not
an encyclopedia of the entire case. It need not contain all
the details. We, however, although did not intend to ignore
the importance of naming of an accused in the first
information report, but herein we have seen that he had
been named in the earliest possible opportunity. Even assuming
that P.W.1 did not name him in the first information
report, we do not find any reason to disbelieve the
statement of Mooli Dev, P.W.6. The question is as to
whether a person was implicated by way of an afterthought
or not must be judged having regard to the en-
tire factual scenario obtaining in the case ……” (Emphasis
added)
24. In the decision reported in Mritunjoy Biswas (supra) in paragraphs
22 and 23, this Court by referring to the earlier decisions
has noted the legal principles as to how a person not named in the
F.I.R when proceeded against can be considered. Paragraphs 22
and 23 can be usefully referred, which are as under:-
“22. In Mulla v. State of U.P. the accused persons were
not named in the FIR. Taking into consideration the material
brought on record, the Court observed that though
none was named in the FIR, yet subsequently the names
of the appellants had come into light during investigation
and, hence, non-mentioning the names of the accused
persons would not be fatal to the prosecution case.
23. In Ranjit Singh v. State of M.P. , after referring to the
authorities Rotash, Rattan Singh v. State of H.P., Pedda
Narayana v. State of A.P., Sone Lal v. State of U.P., Gurnam
Kaur v. Bakshish Singh and Kirender Sarkar v. State
of Assam, the Court opined that: (Ranjit Singh case, SCC
p.344, para 14)
“14….in case the informant fails to name a particular
accused in the FIR, and the said accused is named at
the earliest opportunity, when the statements of witnesses
are recorded, it cannot tilt the balance in favour
of the accused.”
(Emphasis added)
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
C RIMINAL APPEAL NO.2 4 4 OF 20 09
Susanta Das & Ors. V State of Orissa
Citation;(2016) 4 SCC371
FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA
Dated;January 06, 2016
1. These two appeals arise out of a common judgment dated
15.10.2008, passed in Criminal Appeal No.251 of 1997 preferred
by the accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal Das and Government Appeal
No.20 of 1999 as against the acquittal of accused Nos.1 to 4.
2. As per the case of the prosecution on 03.04.1996, at about 04.00
p.m. when P.Ws.8, 11 and the deceased Padma Lochan Jena were
proceeding from Bhadrak to Agarapada in a Rajdoot Motorcycle,
about half a kilometer before Kadabaranga Chhaka, the accused
numbering five, each one of them armed with deadly weapons obstructed
them and when the three persons tried to escape, the accused
chased them and assaulted them with the aid of the
weapons held by them. At that point of time, a trekker passed
through the road and on seeing the same, the accused persons fled
away. The trekker however did not stop, but P.W.7 along with one
Debendra Padhi who were also proceeding on that road in a motorcycle
stopped at the place of occurrence, helped the deceased as
well as P.Ws.8 and 11 who were also injured by shifting them to a
hospital in a mini bus called Santoshi coming on that road and that
before they could reach the hospital the deceased Padma Lochan
succumbed to the injuries.
3. At the hospital P.W.1, the uncle of the deceased, who rushed to the
hospital on hearing the news of the death of the deceased, after
gathering the information from P.Ws.8 and 11 as to how the deceased
along with the injured eye witnesses were assaulted by the
accused, lodged the F.I.R. (Ex.1) by around 5.45 p.m. The injured
were attended by P.W.12 Doctor who issued the injury reports
(Exs.7 & 8). P.W.9, Dr. S. N. Panda conducted autopsy on the body
of the deceased and issued Ex.6, the post mortem report. Though
P.W.10, the passenger in the Trekker was cited and examined as an
eye witness to the occurrence, did not support the case of the
prosecution. P.Ws.13 and 14 were the investigating officers and the
major portion of the investigation was conducted by P.W.13. P.W.13
recovered a Bhujali and the cover of the Bhujali (M.Os.II & III) and
the wearing apparels of the injured and the deceased (M.Os.IX &
XI). M.O.I is a pair of chappal, which was also recovered along
with other articles viz., plastic comb, plastic glass, whisky and rum
bottles. Ex.2 was the inquest report and Ex.10 was the dead body
challan. Exs.3 to 5 and 12 were the different seizure lists. Ex.9
was the crime detailed form while Exs.14 to 18 are the documents
in support of sending M.Os. to the State Forensic Science Laboratory
and the report received therefrom.
4. On behalf of the prosecution, P.Ws.1 to 14 were examined and on
the side of the defence, D.W.1 was examined and Exs.D & D/1
were marked. The accused were arrested on different dates. The
first accused was arrested on 06.04.1996, the second accused was
arrested on 11.04.1996, the third and fourth accused surrendered
before Court on 12.07.1996 and 19.07.1996 respectively. AccusedAshok
Das alias Gopal Das was arrested on 19.03.1997. The wearing
apparels of the first accused was recovered which was stained
with blood, but the same was not sent for chemical analysis.
5. The appellants were charged for the offences under Sections 147,
148, 341, 326, 307, 302 r/w Section 149 I.P.C. The accused deCrl.A
nied the charges and were tried by the Sessions Court. Though
the accused were charged for the offence under Section 149, the
Trial Court while analyzing the evidence, both the eye witnesses
account, medical evidence, as well as the other evidence, took the
view that there was no clinching evidence to support the individual
role played by each of the accused except accused-Ashok Das alias
Gopal Das and consequently while acquitting A1 to A4, ultimately
convicted the accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal Das for the offence
under Section 302 I.P.C. for the killing of the deceased Padma
Lochan Jena and for causing grievous hurt on P.W.8, convicted him
for the offence under Section 326 I.P.C. He was acquitted of the
offence under the other Sections by granting the benefit of doubt.
Ultimately, he was imposed with the punishment of imprisonment
for life for the offence under Section 302 I.P.C and three years R.I
for the offence under Section 326 I.P.C. and directed the punishment
to run concurrently.
6. As against the said conviction and sentence imposed, accusedAshok
Das alias Gopal Das preferred Criminal Appeal No.251 of
1997 while the State of Orissa preferred Government Appeal No.20
of 1999 against the acquittal of A1 to A4. As stated earlier, the
High Court by the impugned judgment while reversing the acquittal
of A1 to A4 found them guilty of the offences under Section 302
r/w 149 I.P.C., Sections 148, 326 r/w 149, 307 r/w 149 of I.P.C.
and imposed them with the sentence of imprisonment for life for
the offence under Section 302 r/w 149 I.P.C. and they were acquitted
of offence under Section 307 r/w 149 of I.P.C. Thus, convicting
them for offence under Section 302 r/w 149 did not impose a separate
sentence for the offence under Section 326 r/w 149 and 148
I.P.C. The appeal preferred by accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal Das
was dismissed. It is as against the above common judgment of the
Division Bench of the High Court, the appellants are before us.
7. We heard Mr. Ratnakar Dash, learned Senior Counsel for the appellants
in Crl.A.No.244 of 2009, Mr.Anup Kumar, learned Amicus Curiae
for the appellant in Crl.A.No.1523 of 2015 and we also heard
Mr. Ashok Panigrahi, learned counsel for the respondent State.
8. Mr. Ratnakar Dash, learned Senior Counsel for the appellants, after
taking us through the evidence of P.Ws.1, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 13 as
well as Ex.7/1 and 8/2 and certain other documents and also the
conclusions drawn by the learned Trial Judge and the analysis
made by the Division Bench of the High Court, submitted that the
offence under Section 302 as well as 326 r/w 149 was not made
out in as much as though P.Ws.8 and 9 claim to be injured eye witnesses,
their evidence did not support the case of the prosecution
for invoking Section 149 of I.P.C.
9. According to the learned Senior Counsel, though Ex.1, F.I.R came
to be lodged at 5.45 p.m. at the instance of P.W.1, who lodged his
complaint based on the information furnished by P.Ws.8 and 11,
significantly, the names of all the accused were not mentioned in
the F.I.R and even in the Section 161 statement of P.W.8 and 11,
the names of all the accused were not mentioned. The learned Senior
Counsel also submitted that in none of the contemporaneous
documents either prepared by P.W.13 or the medical reports, there
was any specific reference to the names of all the accused, in particular,
the appellants for whom he appeared, in a consistent manner
in order to implicate them either for the offence of killing of the
deceased or for causing any injury on P.Ws.8 and 11. The learned
Senior Counsel therefore contended that in the light of the said fact
viz., lack of necessary evidence to show the participation of all the
accused together, the invocation of Section 149 I.P.C to rope in the
appellants for whom he appeared was not made out and consequently,
the reversal of the judgment of the Trial Court by the High
Court was not justified and the appellants in Criminal Appeal
No.244 of 2009 viz., A1 to A4 were rightly acquitted by the Trial
Court giving them the benefit of doubt.
10. Mr. Anup Kumar, learned Amicus Curiae for the appellant in Crl.A.No.1523
of 2015 in his submissions contended that he was alCrl.A
leged to have used a sword in the occurrence, which was neither
seized nor recovered; there was no blood stained cloth of the said
accused recovered of him; that there was delay in forwarding the
F.I.R to the learned Magistrate; that the non-examination of the
person who accompanied P.W.7 was fatal to the case of the prosecution;
that the so called eye witness P.W.10 who claimed to know
two of the accused viz., A1 and A2 did not support the case of the
prosecution and therefore on that ground as well, the conviction is
liable to be set aside. The learned counsel also submitted that no
reliance can be placed upon the version of P.W.11 against whom a
criminal case was pending.
11. As against the above submissions of the learned counsel for the
accused, the learned standing counsel for the respondent State argued
that there was specific reference about each of the accused in
the evidence which came into existence at the earliest point of
time. According to the learned counsel, the reference to involvement
of A1 to A4 and accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal Das along
with two others was specifically mentioned by P.W.1 in his complaint,
which came to be noted in the F.I.R (Ex.1) and that in the
Section 161 statement of P.W.8 the names of A1 and A3 along with
accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal Das was specifically referred.
Though the learned standing counsel fairly submitted that there
was no reference to the role played by A2 in any of the reports or
statements, which came into existence at the earliest point of time,
the learned standing counsel contended that the statement of
P.Ws.1, 8 and the F.I.R amply disclose the involvement of A1, A3,
A4 and accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal Das apart from the fact that
the medical evidence fully supported the case of the prosecution.
The learned standing counsel placed reliance upon the decisions
reported in Rotash Vs. State of Rajasthan - (2006) 12 SCC 64,
Mritunjoy Biswas Vs. Pranab alias Kuti Biswas and another -
(2013) 12 SCC 796 and Bishna alias Bhiswadeb Mahato and
others Vs. State of W.B. - (2005) 12 SCC 657. On behalf of the
appellants reliance was placed upon the decision reported in Ajit
Savant Majagvai Vs. State of Karnataka - (1997) 7 SCC 110.
12. Having heard the learned counsel for the appellants and the
learned counsel for the respondent State and having bestowed our
serious consideration to the materials placed before us and the
judgments of the Trial Court and that of the High Court, we are
convinced that no interference is called for with the impugned
judgment.
13. While discussing about the various contentions raised on behalf
of the appellants, since we are concerned with the conviction imposed
on the appellants, for the offence under Section 302 I.P.C.
with the aid of Section 149 I.P.C., it will be necessary to clearly set
out the nature of offence detailed in Section 149 I.P.C. Section 149
reads as under :
“149. Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of
offence committed in prosecution of common
object: If an offence is committed by any member of an
unlawful assembly in prosecution of the common object
of that assembly, or such as the members of that
assembly knew to be likely to be committed in
prosecution of that object, every person who, at the time
of the committing of that offence, is a member of the
same assembly, is guilty of that offence”.
14. When we read Section 149, since at the very outset it refers to
participation of each member of an unlawful assembly, it has to be
necessarily shown that there was an assembly of five or more persons,
which is designated as unlawful assembly under Section 149
I.P.C. When once, such a participation of five or more persons is
shown, who indulge in an offence as a member of such an unlawful
assembly, for the purpose of invoking Section 149, it is not necessary
that there must be specific overt act played by each of the
member of such an unlawful assembly in the commission of an offence.
What is required to be shown is the participation as a member
in pursuance of a common object of the assembly or being a
member of that assembly, such person knew as to what is likely to
be committed in prosecution of any such common object. In the
event of the proof of showing of either of the above conduct of a
member of an unlawful assembly, the offence, as stipulated in Section
149, will stand proved. In fact, the said prescription contained
in Section 149 has been duly understood by the Division Bench by
making reference to some of the earlier decisions of this Court. In
this context, the Division Bench chose to follow the decisions of
this Court reported in Rajendran and another Vs. State of T.N.
– (2004) 10 SCC 689 and Bishna (supra), wherein, the description
contained in Section 149 I.P.C and in what cases, and against
whom, the said provision can be applied has been clearly set out.
15. Keeping the above legal position pertaining to application of
Section 149, when we examine the case on hand, the motive for
the alleged assault is the grudge of the accused-Ashok Das alias
Gopal Das who contested in the college student election in which
P.W.8 also contested, who stated to have ultimately won the elections.
According to the case of the prosecution, all the appellants
gathered under a mango tree and the recoveries made at that spot
disclose, whisky bottles etc., to show that they were waiting at the
place of occurrence. The recovery of bhujali and the cover at the
place of occurrence as disclosed in the inquest report supported by
the version of P.W.13, investigating officer, clearly proved that the
assailants while waiting at the spot, shared their common object.
The common object shared by them resulted in the assault on
P.W.8. We can deduce from the evidence of P.W.8 that at the spot,
he could notice the accused making their appearance from behind
a mango tree with each one of them holding a deadly weapon. According
to P.W.8, accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal Das was holding a
sword; A1 was holding a Bhujali and rest of the accused were holding
cycle chains. On seeing their sudden appearance, while riding
the motor cycle, P.W.11 apparently lost control and in that process,
it is narrated by P.W.8 and 11 that accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal
Das gave a sword blow to P.W.8 on his face and when P.W.11 fell
down from the motorcycle along with P.W.8, A3 and A4 stated to
have held the deceased while accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal Das
dealt a sword blow on the backside of the head of the deceased,
who cried for help. A1, stated to have inflicted Bhujali blow on the
left scapula of the deceased and when A1 attempted to inflict another
blow with the bhujali, the deceased stated to have attempted
to catch hold of the bhujali and sustained injuries on his left hand.
16. While the accused were thus inflicting injuries on P.W.11, P.W.8
they made an attempt to flee, when accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal
Das dealt a sword blow on the left chest of P.W.8. When P.W.11,
attempted to run away, A2 Pitambar kicked more than thrice and
on seeking a Trekker moving in that direction, the appellants
stated to have ran away, which was noticed by P.W.7 who was
crossing that side along with one Debendra Padhi who was not examined.
In the evidence of P.W.7, 8 and 11, it is clearly noted that
the appellants participated in the crime and all five of them ran
away from the place of occurrence after causing severe injuries on
the deceased as well as P.Ws.8 and 11. Having regard to the said
evidence, as spoken to by P.Ws.7, 8 and 11, there can be no room
for doubt about the presence of all the five appellants at the place
of occurrence.
17. It must be stated that P.Ws.8 and 11 while undergoing treatment
at the hospital, immediately after the occurrence viz., between
04.00 p.m. and 05.45 p.m. informed P.W.1, the uncle of the
deceased, who reached the hospital. P.W.1 who gathered the information
from P.Ws.8 and 11 as to how and in what manner and by
whom the injuries came to be inflicted, in his complaint which he
lodged at 5.45 p.m. made a specific reference to the names of A1,
A4 and accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal Das along with two others
who were armed with bhujalis, swords and cycle chain caused the
injuries on the deceased and P.Ws.8 and 11. Similarly, the immediate
statement of P.W.8, disclose the specific mention of A1, A3
and accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal Das and the serious injuries inflicted
by accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal Das on the deceased as
well as P.Ws.8 & 11. Similarly, in the immediate statement of
Crl.A No.244/2009 & Crl.A No.1523/2015 12Page 13
P.W.11, he specifically referred to the names of A1, A3 and accused-Ashok
Das alias Gopal Das and the manner in which the injuries
were inflicted upon them.
18. A cumulative consideration of the evidence of P.Ws.1, 7, 8 and
11 amply disclose that there were five who were involved in the
occurrence, viz., accused 1 to 4 and accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal
Das, apart from the specific role played by each one of them. Having
regard to the motive related to which the appellants stated to
have nurtured a grievance which resulted in the assault on the deceased
and P.Ws.8 and 11 and all of whom being known to the injured
eye witnesses and accused-Ashok Das alias Gopal Das being
known to P.W.7, there is no reason to disbelieve their version.
Therefore, the involvement and the extent of participation by the
appellants has been sufficiently established by the prosecution with
the required evidence.
19. As far as the injuries sustained by the deceased as well as
P.Ws.8 and 11, the High Court has noted specifically about the injuries
as was noted by P.W.9 in the Post Mortem report, which was
inflicted on the deceased at the time of the occurrence which when
compared with the oral evidence spoken to by P.W.8, the High
Court has found that the same fully tallied with the oral evidence of
P.W.8. In paragraph 14, the High Court has noted the various injuries
and the evidence of P.W.8 in support of the said injuries.
20. Similarly in paragraphs 15 and 16, the High Court has referred
to the injuries sustained by P.Ws.8 and 11, which were spoken to
by P.W.12, who attended on them and has found that the evidence
of P.Ws.8 and 11 was fully corroborated by the medical evidence
and thus there was no scope to doubt their version as to the manner
in which the injuries were inflicted on the deceased as well as
the injured P.Ws.8 and 11. Thus, we find that the appreciation of
evidence of the eye witnesses account, the supporting version of
the other witnesses read along with the expert medical opinion,
again supported by the Post Mortem report and the injury report,
there is no reason to take a different view than what has been
taken by the Division Bench in the impugned judgment.
21. When we consider the submission of the appellants, in the first
place, it was contended that the participation of the five accused
was not duly made out. As far as the said contention is concerned,
we have noted extensively the evidence both oral as well as documentary
to show as to how all the five accused were duly present
at the place of occurrence, in order to attract Section 149 I.P.C. We
have also found that based on the medical evidence as well as the
injured eye witnesses account to show how the appellants revealed
their common object in the course of their participation when the
deceased and the injured witnesses were inflicted with serious injuries
with the aid of deadly weapons and consequently none of the
accused could escape from the invocation of Section 149 I.P.C. in
the murder of the deceased falling under Section 302 I.P.C. as well
as the grievous injuries caused on P.Ws.8 and 11.
22. The attempt of the learned Senior Counsel for the appellants by
making reference to Exs.7, 1, 8 and 2 wherein, there was some
omission to refer the names of some of the appellants, are so trivial
as compared to the overwhelming evidence both oral as well as
documentary to reject the said contention. Though the learned senior
counsel attempted to show some contradiction in the evidence
of P.Ws.1, 7, 8 and 11, having gone through the evidence in detail
and the appreciation made by the Division Bench of the High Court,
we find no serious dent in the evidence of those witnesses which
was otherwise supported by the expert medical evidence in the
form of oral version of P.Ws.9 and 12 supported by injury report
and post mortem report. We are not therefore persuaded to take a
different view than what has been taken by the High Court. Since
the Trial Court doubted the presence of all the accused and had
proceeded to hold only as against the accused-Ashok Das alias
Gopal Das by relying upon the specific overt act alleged against
him, while the evidence rendered on behalf of the prosecution fully
establish the participation of all the accused in the offence, we are
convinced that the principles laid down in the decisions referred to
and relied upon by the learned counsel for the appellants in such
situations did show that the conclusions drawn by the Division
Bench in the impugned judgments was fully justified and it has
duly applied the principles set out in the decision reported in Ajit
Savant Majagvai (supra). In paragraph 16 of the said judgment
this Court has spelt out the principles while hearing an appeal by
the High Court against the order of acquittal passed by the trial
Court, as to in what manner the appreciation of evidence could be
made and the conclusions can be drawn.
23. That apart, we find the decisions relied upon by the learned
standing counsel for the State as reported in Rotash (supra) and
Mritunjoy Biswas (supra) duly supported the submissions. In
the decision reported in Rotash (supra), in paragraph 14, this
Court has held as under:
“14. The first information report, as is well known, is not
an encyclopedia of the entire case. It need not contain all
the details. We, however, although did not intend to ignore
the importance of naming of an accused in the first
information report, but herein we have seen that he had
been named in the earliest possible opportunity. Even assuming
that P.W.1 did not name him in the first information
report, we do not find any reason to disbelieve the
statement of Mooli Dev, P.W.6. The question is as to
whether a person was implicated by way of an afterthought
or not must be judged having regard to the en-
tire factual scenario obtaining in the case ……” (Emphasis
added)
24. In the decision reported in Mritunjoy Biswas (supra) in paragraphs
22 and 23, this Court by referring to the earlier decisions
has noted the legal principles as to how a person not named in the
F.I.R when proceeded against can be considered. Paragraphs 22
and 23 can be usefully referred, which are as under:-
“22. In Mulla v. State of U.P. the accused persons were
not named in the FIR. Taking into consideration the material
brought on record, the Court observed that though
none was named in the FIR, yet subsequently the names
of the appellants had come into light during investigation
and, hence, non-mentioning the names of the accused
persons would not be fatal to the prosecution case.
23. In Ranjit Singh v. State of M.P. , after referring to the
authorities Rotash, Rattan Singh v. State of H.P., Pedda
Narayana v. State of A.P., Sone Lal v. State of U.P., Gurnam
Kaur v. Bakshish Singh and Kirender Sarkar v. State
of Assam, the Court opined that: (Ranjit Singh case, SCC
p.344, para 14)
“14….in case the informant fails to name a particular
accused in the FIR, and the said accused is named at
the earliest opportunity, when the statements of witnesses
are recorded, it cannot tilt the balance in favour
of the accused.”
(Emphasis added)
25. When we apply the above principles to the facts of this case, we
are convinced that the implication of all the five accused was
perfectly justified and was supported by legal evidence as was spoken
to by the relevant witnesses which was duly corroborated by the
medical evidence. Therefore, mere non mentioning of two of the
names in the F.I.R cannot be fatal to the case of the prosecution.
26. As far as the submission made on the ground that some of the
weapons were not recovered, expert opinion relating to blood stain
and the delay involved in forwarding the F.I.R to the Magistrate,
non examination of the person who accompanied P.W.7, the hostility
displayed by P.W.10, where all though sought to be relied upon
heavily on behalf of the accused, we find that those facts do not
materially affect the case of the prosecution.
27. In so far as the alleged delay in forwarding the F.I.R to the Magistrate,
we find that the High Court was conscious of the said fact
and has made a specific reference to the said fact in paragraph 24
of the impugned judgment wherein, it ultimately held that there
was no material on record to show or suggest that the F.I.R was
tampered or it was fabricated at a later date by antedating it or the
delay in sending the F.I.R by P.W.3 or the delay in placing it before
SDJM by the Sub Inspector of Police or the delay in signing the
F.I.R by SDJM on 06.04.1996 was so very vital to doubt the case of
the prosecution. We fully concur with the said view expressed by
the Division Bench.
28. Having regard to our above conclusion, we do not find any merit
in the appeals, the appeals fail and the same are dismissed.
29. Having regard to the able assistance rendered by the learned
Amicus Curiae Mr. Anup Kumar, we recommend a fee of
Rs.10,000/- to be paid to him.
……………………………………………………………….J.
[Fakkir Mohamed Ibrahim Kalifulla]
………….………………………………………………….J.
[Uday Umesh Lalit]
New Delhi
January 06, 2016
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