Tuesday, 12 January 2016

When accused who has not filed appeal against conviction can be given benefit of acquittal?

It   is   well   settled   that   the   benefit   of   the   conclusion
arrived by an appellate Court can be extended even to an accused,
who has not appealed.  In the instant case, I find that the accused
No.1   Ranjana   has   been   rather   unfortunate   as   though   she   was
ordered to be released on bail by the appellate Court, she could
not avail of the same, apparently because of poverty, and perhaps,
has already undergone the sentence.  However, since I have come
to a conclusion that she should have been given benefit of doubt
and acquitted, it would be proper to interfere with her conviction
also.
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
APPELLATE SIDE
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.863 OF 2012
Manjur Samsuddin Shaikh

V/s.
The State of Maharashtra

CORAM : ABHAY M. THIPSAY J.
DATED  : 30TH  JANUARY, 2015
Citation; 2015 ALLMR(cri) 4274

01. This   appeal   is   directed   against   the   Judgment   of
conviction as delivered by the Ad­hoc Additional Sessions Judge,
Sewree, Mumbai in Sessions Case No.80 of 2010, in which, the
appellant was the accused No.2. There was one more accused

Smt.Ranjana Shaikh (Accused No.1) in the said Sessions Case.
The Ad­hoc Additional Sessions Judge found the appellant, as also
the said accused No.1, guilty of offences punishable under Section
489B, 489C of the Indian Penal Code read with Section 34 of the
IPC and sentenced both of them to suffer Rigorous Imprisonment
for five years each and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/­ each, on each
count.     The   Ad­hoc   Additional   Sessions   Judge   convicted   the
accused No.1 Ranjana Shaikh also of an offence punishable under
Section   420   of   the   IPC   read   with   Section   34   of   the   IPC   and
sentenced her to suffer Rigorous Imprisonment for five years and
to   pay   a   fine   of   Rs.5,000/­   on   that   count   also.     The   Ad­hoc
Additional   Sessions   Judge   directed   that   all   the   substantive
sentences   imposed   upon   the   accused   persons   shall   run
concurrently.
02. Being aggrieved by the said judgment of conviction
and sentences imposed upon him, the appellant had approached
this Court by filing the present appeal.
03. I have heard Mr.Aniket Vagal, the learned counsel for
the appellant. I have heard Ms.S.S.Kaushik, the learned Additional
Public Prosecutor for the respondent/State.  With their assistance,
I have gone through the evidence adduced during the trial.  I have
carefully gone the impugned judgment.

04. The prosecution case as reflected from the 'brief facts
of   the   case',   as   appearing   in   Column   No.16   of   the   printed
prescribed   proforma   of   the   police   report/charge   sheet,   is   as
under :
That the accused No.1­Smt.Ranjana Babu Shaikh, aged
about 19 years, on 23/10/2009 at about 8.20 p.m. at Senapati
Bapat Road, Dadar was in possession of and had used as genuine,
a forged or counterfeit currency note of Rs.500/­ denomination
and   had   purchased   a   frock   from   the   First   Informant­Dinesh
Shrivastav ­ a Hawker by using the same.  That, the appellant had
kept in his possession four forged or counterfeit currency notes of
Rs.500/­ denomination knowing them to be forged and with the
intention of using the same as genuine.
05. As this does not give sufficient idea as to the nature of
the   allegation   against   the   said   accused   No.1   Ranjana   and   the
present appellant, it would be appropriate to state the facts of the
prosecution case by giving the relevant details.
06. Prosecution   case   is   that   on   23/10/2009   Dinesh
Shrivastav,   who   is   a   hawker,   was   carrying   on   his   business   at
Senapati Bapat Marg as usual.   That, at about 8.20 p.m., the
accused No.1 Ranjana came to him and purchased a frock for one
year old girl child.  The price of the said frock was Rs.60/­ and in
order to pay the same, accused No.1 Ranjana gave a currency note

of Rs.500/­ to the said Dinesh.  Dinesh took the note and gave an
amount   of   Rs.440/­   consisting   of   four   notes   of   Rs.100/­
denomination and four currency notes of Rs.10/­ denomination
back   to   her.     However,   after   doing   this,   Dinesh   Shrivastav
suspected the genuineness of currency note of Rs.500/­, which had
been given to him by the accused No.1.  He felt that it was thicker
and more rough than a normal note.  He then examined the same
in   the   light   and   was   convinced   that   it   was   counterfeit.     He,
therefore, stopped accused No.1 and told her that the note, that
had been given by her, was counterfeit.   On this, the accused
started   giving   some   evasive   replies.     Some   persons   assembled
there and among them, there was one constable from Shivaji Park
Police Station ­ one Mr.Mhasye, who was taking rounds.  Dinesh
informed him about the matter. Then he took Dinesh and accused
No.1 Ranjana to the Shivaji Park Police Station, where the report
lodged   by   Shrivastav   was   recorded   and   treated   as   the   First
Information Report; and a case in respect of offences punishable
under   Section   489B,   489C   and   420   of   the   IPC   came   to   be
registered against the accused No.1.
07. The   personal   search   of   accused   No.1   Ranjana   was
taken   under   a   panchanama.     Thereafter,   she   gave   certain
information to the police, from which it was gathered by them that
accused No.1­Ranjana had earlier also used counterfeit currency
notes of Rs.500/­ denomination as genuine and had, by using such

notes, purchased a number of articles from other hawkers on the
same day.  In the personal search of accused No.1 Ranjana, certain
articles purchased by her and some cash were recovered.
08. In the course of further investigation Ranjana Shaikh
disclosed some information on 24/10/2009, pursuant to which the
police party and panchas were led to the house of the appellant at
Borivali.  When the search of the house of the appellant was taken
currency notes of Rs.27,341/­ and four counterfeit currency notes
of   Rs.500/­   denomination   were   found.     The   same   were   taken
charge of under a panchanama.
09. The notes suspected to be counterfeit were sent to the
Currency   Printing   Press   for   examination   and   opinion.     On
completion of investigation, a charge sheet came to be filed and
the said accused No.1 and the appellant came to be prosecuted.
10. The   prosecution   examined   14   witnesses   during   the
trial.  Dinesh Shrivastav­the First Informant is the first witness for
the prosecution.  P.W.Nos.2,4,5,6,7,8 and 9 are the hawkers, who
had allegedly received counterfeit currency notes from the accused
No.1­Ranjana on 23/10/2009 before Ranjana was apprehended at
the instance of the First Informant­Dinesh Shrivastav.   P.W.No.3
Thakur   Chaurasiya   is   a   panch   in   respect   of   seizure   of   the
counterfeit currency note supposedly handed over to the police by
the P.W.No.1. P.W.No.10 is a panch in respect of the panchanama
regarding the personal search of the accused No.1 Ranjana.

11. P.W.No.12­Mohan   Dabholkar   is   the   Sub­Inspector   of
police attached to Shivaji Park Police Station at the material time
who has registered a FIR.
12. P.W.No.13­Balu   Phule   is   a   panch   in   respect   of   the
certain information allegedly given by the accused No.1­Ranjana,
which led to the recovery of some counterfeit currency notes from
some hawkers.
13. The evidence of these witnesses is not material in the
context of the allegation against the appellant. 
14. The only relevant witnesses in the context of the case
against the appellant are P.W.No.11­Mukesh Yadav and P.W.No.14­
Sunil Kale ­ the Investigation Officer.
15. Mukeh Yadav (PW11) is residing by the side of the
appellant.  In fact, he is said to be the tenant of the appellant.  He
did speak that the police had come to the house of the appellant
and had searched his house, but said that nothing was found in
the house of the appellant.  His evidence shows that one 'Hayat'
had told him that he was doing the work of circulating counterfeit
currency notes.  He, however, did not support the prosecution with
respect to the alleged recovery of counterfeit currency notes from
the house of the appellant and was declared hostile.

16. Mr.Sunil Kale (PW14) has stated that pursuant to the
information   given   by   the   accused   No.1­Ranjana   earlier   on
24/10/2009, she on   25/10/2009 led  the police  party  and the
panchas to the house of the appellant.  That, this witness took the
search of the house i.e. hut of the appellant and found currency
notes of Rs.27,341/­ and four fake currency notes of Rs.500/­
denomination. The suggestion that he had actually not taken the
accused No.1­Ranjana to the house of the appellant, as put to him
in the cross­examination, was denied by him.   Interestingly, no
panch witness in support of the alleged seizure of the counterfeit
currency   notes   from   the   house   of   the   appellant   have   been
examined.  No reason for non­examining the same has been given.
17. Thus, there is only the evidence of the Investigation
Officer ­ Sunil Kale (PW14) in support of the allegation against the
appellant.  There is no explanation even before this Court, as to
why the pancha witnesses to the alleged recovery have not been
examined.
18. I have carefully considered the matter.  There is no rule
­ certainly not of law ­ that the sole testimony of the Investigating
Officer   would   never   be   enough/sufficient   to   prove   the   fact   of
recovery   of   incriminating   articles   from   the   possession   of   an
accused.   However, here the prosecution claims that the recovery
was effected in the presence of two independent witnesses and

none of these two witnesses has been examined.  Non­availability
of evidence is one matter, but availability of evidence and holding
the same back, is quite another.   In the instant case, since no
explanation   at   all   has   been   given   for   not   having   examined
independent   witnesses   ­   in   spite   of   associating   them   with   the
search operation ­ it would be unsafe to place reliance on the
evidence of P.W.No.14.  It would be legitimate to presume, that the
pancha   witnesses,   if   had   been   examined,   would   not   have
supported the case of the prosecution and that, that is why they
were held back.
19. In these circumstances, the trial Court ought not to
have   convicted   the   appellant   only   on   the   testimony   of   the
Investigating   Officer.   This   is   particularly   so,   because   the
prosecution case, when viewed as a whole, suffers from several
other   infirmities   and,   therefore,   clearly   the   evidence   of   the
Investigating Officer cannot easily and blindly accepted.
20. The Investigating Officer (PW14) did not produce any
entries in the Lock­up Register to show that the accused No.1­
Ranjana had indeed been taken up out of the lock­up. He admitted
that had she been taken out on 25/10/2009, there ought to have
been entry in the Lock­up Register in that regard.  Thus, apart not
seeking   corroboration   from   independent   witnesses,   Mr.Kale
(PW14) did not seek to support his statement by production of
even the police record.  

21. As   a   matter   of   fact,   the   learned   Additional   Public
Prosecutor fairly submitted that this has been a case where benefit
of doubt should have been given to the appellant and he should
have been acquitted.  
22. The   learned   Additional   Public   Prosecutor   further
submits that since the entire evidence has been considered and
since it shows that there is no satisfactory material to prove the
guilt even of the accused No.1, the accused No.1­Ranjana also may
be given benefit of doubt and acquitted, although she has not
chosen to file any appeal.  Since such a suggestion having come
from   the   learned   Additional   Public   Prosecutor   herself,   I   have
considered this aspect of the matter.
23. It may be recalled that the case against the accused No.
1­Ranjana   is   to   the   effect   that   she,   on   23/10/2009   had   been
purchasing   different   articles,   from   the   hawkers,   by   giving
counterfeit currency notes of Rs.500/­ to each of them.  Thus, the
evidence   shows   that   on   23/10/2009,   before   she   came   to   be
apprehended at the instance of Dinesh, she had purchased various
articles from Shetty (PW2), Pawar (PW4), Khan (PW5), Shukla
(PW6),   Das   (PW7),   Gundal   (PW8)   and   Mohite   (PW9).     The
evidence of these witnesses shows that they all ­ each of them ­
had received a counterfeit currency note of Rs.500/­ denomination
from the accused No.1 Ranjana.  They had given articles to her of

different values, and had returned the balance amount.   Thus,
according to Shrivastav (PW1) he gave a frock worth Rs.60/­ and
returned an amount of Rs.440/­ back to her.   Similarly, Shetty
(PW2) gave a frock worth Rs.70/­ and returned an amount of Rs.
430/­ back to her.  So also, Pawar (PW4) gave a petticoat worth
Rs.50/­ and returned an amount of Rs.450/­ back to her.   Khan
(PW5)   gave   one   plastic   plate   worth   Rs.60/­   and   returned   an
amount of Rs.440/­ back to her.  Shukla (PW6) gave a ladies purse
worth Rs.50/­ and returned an amount of Rs.450/­ back to her.
Das (PW7) gave one ladies maxi worth Rs.100/­ and returned an
amount of Rs.400/­ back to her.  Gundal (PW8) gave a bed­sheet
worth Rs.70/­ and returned an amount of Rs.430/­ back to her,
and lastly, Mohite (PW9) gave a pakkad worth Rs.50 and returned
an amount of Rs.450/­ back to her.
24. Thus, as per the prosecution case itself, Ranjana was
supposed   to   be   having   an   amount   of   Rs.3490/­   of   genuine
currency with her, when she came to be apprehended as aforesaid.
However,   whether   this   amount   was   actually   so   found   on   her
person, when she apprehended, has not been spoken at all by
Meena Jadhav (PW10), who is supposed to have witnessed the
personal search of the accused No.1 Ranjana.   Meena Jadhav's
(PW10) evidence shows that the police had seized some articles
and a currency note of Rs.500/­ denomination from the accused
No.1 Ranjana, but it does not show that any genuine currency was

found   with   Accused   No.1   Ranjana.     The   evidence   of   Mohan
Dabholkar (PW12), who is supposed to have taken the search of
accused No.1­Ranjana in the presence of witnesses, speaks only of
recovery   of   a   currency   note   of   Rs.500/­   denomination,   some
articles and four notes of Rs.100/­ denomination and four notes of
Rs.10/­  denomination. The  case  of  the  prosecution  is  that  the
currency   note   of   Rs.500/­   is   a   counterfeit   one   and   thus   the
recovery of genuine currency from the person of accused No.1­
Ranjana is only of Rs.440/­ as per the evidence of Mr.Dabholkar
(PW12).  As aforesaid, if the evidence of P.W.Nos.1,2,4,5,6,7,8 and
9 is to be accepted, Ranjana ought to be having genuine currency
of Rs.3490/­ with her.  No light has been thrown on as to how this
currency   has   not   been   found   on   the   person   of   accused   No.1­
Ranjana. This, therefore, creates a doubt about the truth of the
prosecution case.
25. Even the evidence of P.W.No.3 Thakur Chaursiya does
not advance the prosecution case against accused No.1 Ranjana in
any manner.   This witness ­ a panch ­ was supposed to depose
about the alleged fact that the note allegedly received by Dinesh
(PW1) from accused No.1 Ranjana was produced by Dinesh (PW1)
before the police and was seized in the presence of this witness.
His evidence, however, indicates that the police had already seized
the currency note and, that the same was shown to him by the
police.  His evidence does not show that the production of the note

by Dinesh (PW1) and its taking charge by the police took place in
his presence.   
26. Moreover,   the   notes   allegedly   given   by   Ranjana   to
P.W.Nos.1,2   and   4  to   9  have   not   been   recovered   at   all.     It   is
because these witnesses stated that they had circulated the notes
not being aware of the fact that they were counterfeit.   In the
absence of recovery of notes, it would not be possible to conclude
that Ranjana had indeed given counterfeit currency notes to these
persons and was circulating the same.  This creates a further doubt
about the truth of the prosecution version.
27. The evidence of Dinesh Shrivastav (PW1) shows that
when   his   dispute   with   accused   No.1   Ranjana   was   going   on,
constable Mhasye of Shivaji Park Police Station was there and that,
it was he who took Ranjana and him to the Shivaji Park Police
Station.  However, this constable Mhasye has not been examined
as a witness. The evidence of PSI­Mr.Dabholkar (PW12) shows as
if Dinesh Shrivastav came to the police station on his own; and
does not even refer to constable Mhasye.
28. In  my  opinion,  even   the  case  against  accused  No.1
Ranjana was not satisfactorily proved.   The trial Judge ought to
have given benefit of doubt to her and ought to have acquitted her.

29. It   is   well   settled   that   the   benefit   of   the   conclusion
arrived by an appellate Court can be extended even to an accused,
who has not appealed.  In the instant case, I find that the accused
No.1   Ranjana   has   been   rather   unfortunate   as   though   she   was
ordered to be released on bail by the appellate Court, she could
not avail of the same, apparently because of poverty, and perhaps,
has already undergone the sentence.  However, since I have come
to a conclusion that she should have been given benefit of doubt
and acquitted, it would be proper to interfere with her conviction
also.
30. The appeal is allowed.  
31. The impugned judgment and order of the conviction of
the   appellant   as   recorded   by   the   Ad­hoc   Additional   Sessions
Judge, Sewree, Mumbai is set aside.  
32. The appellant stands acquitted.  
33. Fine, if paid, be refunded to him.
34. Though the original accused No.1 Smt.Ranjana Babu
Shaikh has not preferred any appeal, after having gone through
the record and proceedings of the case, I am of the opinion that
the conviction of the said accused No.1 is also not proper and

legal.   Therefore,   for   the   reasons,   which   are   discussed   in   this
Judgment, the said accused No.1 is also acquitted.
35. If the accused No.1 is in custody, she shall be released
forthwith, unless required to be detained in some other case.
36. Fine, if paid, be refunded to her.
37. The appeal is disposed of in the aforesaid terms.
(ABHAY M. THIPSAY J.)

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