applications is squarely covered by the ratio laid down by the Honourable
Apex Court in the case of Aneeta Hada (supra). In the present case, the original complainant has not joined the partnership firm as
an accused, and the complaint is filed only against the driver of the firm, and therefore, in view of the decision rendered by the Honourable
Apex Court in the case of Aneeta Hada (supra), all the aforesaid impugned complaints in the present three cases are not maintainable.
Gujarat High Court
Ratishbhai d ramani vs State Of Gujarat & on 10 October, 201
CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE VIPUL M. PANCHOLI
Citation: 2015ALLMR(Cri)JOURNAL233
In all the aforesaid three applications filed by the applicant, the common proposition of law that has emerged for consideration of this Court is `whether an administrator/partner of a partnership firm would be liable for prosecution under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (hereinafter referred to as the `N.I. Act', for the sake of brevity and convenience) without the partnership firm being arraigned as an accused?'.2. The brief facts leading to the filing of the present applications are as under:
2.1 The present applicant in all the three applications is a partner/administrator of one M/s. Maruti Projects, a partnership firm. The said firm was doing the business of construction on contract basis. The respondent No.2 herein - the original complainant was doing the business of stonecrushing in the name of Radhika Stone Industries along with other owners. It is alleged that out of the business transaction, the partnership firm of the petitioner has raised a demand for stone material from respondent No.2 for the purpose of construction of road in Ahmedabad City, and therefore, the respondent No.2 supplied material to the partnership firm, namely, M/s. Maruti Projects. It is further alleged that the partnership firm issued cheque bearing No. 107809 dated 22nd June 2007 for an amount of rupees five lakhs to discharge its liability. Similarly, said partnership firm issued cheque No. 107819 dated 18th June 2007 for an amount of rupees five lakhs, and another cheque No. 107847 dated 13th February 2008 for an amount of rupees five lakhs. It is alleged by the respondent No.2 - the original complainant that when the aforesaid three cheques issued by the partnership firm for the discharge of its liabilities were deposited by the complainant in his bank account, said cheques were returned with an endorsement `insufficient fund', and "payments were stopped by the drawer" respectively. It is further alleged by the complainant that he issued the notice to the applicantpetitioner herein under Section 138 of the N.I. Act. However, the accused had not given any reply to the said notice nor made any payment. The respondent No.2 - complainant, therefore, filed three different complaints being Criminal Case No. 283 of 2007, 284 of 2007 and 154 of 2008 against the present applicant and others.
2.2 The learned Judicial Magistrate First Class, Sayla, issued the process against the original accused No. 1 and 2 in Criminal Case No. 283 of 2007. Learned Magistrate also issued the process against accused No. 1 and 4 in Criminal Case No. 284 of 2007, whereas in Criminal Case No. 154 of 2008, process was issued against the only accused - applicant herein.
2.3 The original accused No.1 in the aforesaid three cases, namely, Riteshbhai D. Ramani in all the three aforesaid cases, has filed the present Criminal Miscellaneous Applications under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (for short, `the Cr.P.C.') for quashing and setting aside the criminal complaints filed by the respondent No.2 before the learned Judicial Magistrate First Class, Sayla.
3. Heard learned advocate Mr. Premal S. Rachh for the applicant, Mr. Ashish M. Dagli, learned advocate for respondent No.2, and Ms. Chetna M. Shah, learned Additional Public Prosecutor for respondent No.1 - State of Gujarat.
4. Learned advocate Mr. Premal S. Rachh appearing for the applicant has mainly submitted that the original complainant had issued the notice only to the partners of the firm, and no notice was issued to the R/CR.MA/10379/2009 JUDGMENT partnership firm, namely M/s. Maruti Projects. It is further submitted by the learned advocate for the applicant that the complainant has filed the complaints against the partners of the aforesaid partnership firm without joining the partnership as an accused. In short, the partnership firm is not shown as accused in the impugned complaints. The learned advocate for the applicant further relied upon Section 138 of the N.I. Act read with Section 141.
5. It is further submitted by learned advocate for the applicant that for the purpose of this Section, namely, Section 141, `company' means any body corporate and `director' in relation to a firm means a partner in the firm. Learned advocate for the applicant relying upon the aforesaid Sections further submitted that if the partnership firm or a company has committed an offence punishable under Section 138 of the N.I. Act, then, the partnership firm or the company, as the case may be, is required to be joined as an accused in the complaint. The learned advocate for the applicant has relied upon the decision of the Honourable Apex Court in the case of Aneeta Hada v. M/s. Godfather Travels and Tours Private Limited reported in AIR 2012 SC 2795, and submitted that the Honourable the Supreme Court in the aforesaid case has held that for maintaining the prosecution under Section 141 of the N.I. Act, arraigning of a company as an accused is imperative. He, therefore, submitted that in view of the aforesaid provisions of law, and in view of the decision of the Honourable Supreme Court in the case of Aneeta Hada (supra), the case of the applicant is squarely covered, and hence, these three applications filed by the applicant be allowed, and the impugned complaints may be quashed and set aside.
6. Mr. Ashish Dagli, learned advocate for the respondent No.2 mainly submitted that the ingredients of Section 138 of the N.I. Act are made out in the impugned complaints. He has pointed out that the R/CR.MA/10379/2009 JUDGMENT applicant has signed the cheques in question as a partner of M/s. Maruti Projects, and when these cheques were issued for discharging the liability of the firm and deposited in the account of the complainant, they were returned with an endorsement `insufficient fund', and therefore, ingredients of alleged offences are made out. It is further contended that even the notice under Section 138 of the N.I. Act was issued to the applicant, inspite of which, the amount was not paid by the applicant, and hence, the three complaints were filed for three different cheques against the applicant. Thus, it was submitted that when the ingredients of the alleged offences are made out, this Court may not exercise the powers under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C., and hence the applications be dismissed.
8. Learned Assistant Public Prosecutor has also supported the original complainant, and submitted that the ingredients of the offence are made out, and therefore, this Court may not exercise powers under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C.
9. To appreciate the submissions of the learned advocates for the parties, relevant Sections of the N.I. Act are required to be referred, which deal with the ingredients of the office for dishonour of the cheque and consequent nonpayment of the amount due thereon. Section 138 of N.I. Act reads as under:
"138. Dishonour of cheque for insufficiency, etc., of funds in the account. Where any cheque drawn by a person on an account maintained by him with a banker for payment of any amount of money to another person from out of that account for the discharge, in whole or in part, of any debt or other liability, is returned by the bank unpaid, either because of the amount of money standing to the credit of that account is insufficient to honour the cheque or that it exceeds the amount arranged to be paid R/CR.MA/10379/2009 JUDGMENT from that account by an agreement made with that bank, such person shall be deemed to have committed an offence and shall without prejudice to any other provisions of this Act, be punished with imprisonment for "a term which may extend to two year", or with fine which may extend to twice the amount of the cheque, or with both:
Provided that nothing contained in this section shall apply unless
(a) The cheque has been presented to the bank within a period of six months from the date on which it is drawn or within the period of its validity, whichever is earlier.
(b) The payee or the holder induce course of the cheque, as the case may be, makes a demand for the payment of the said amount of money by giving a notice, in writing, to the drawer, of the cheque, "within thirty days" of the receipt of information by him from the bank regarding the return of the cheques as unpaid, and
(c) The drawer of such cheque fails to make the payment of the said amount of money to the payee or, as the case may be, to the holder in due course of the cheque, within fifteen days of the receipt of the said notice.
Explanation: For the purpose of this section, "debt or other liability" means a legally enforceable debt or other liability."
Thereafter, learned advocate for the applicant referred to Section 141 of the N.I. Act, which deals with the offences committed by the companies. Section 141 of the N.I. Act reads as under:
"141 Offences by companies. (1) If the person committing an offence under section 138 is a company, every person who, at the time the offence was committed, was in charge of, and was responsible to the company for the conduct of the business of the company, as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable R/CR.MA/10379/2009 JUDGMENT to be proceeded against and proceeded against and punished accordingly:
Provided that nothing contained in this subsection shall render any person liable to punishment if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge, or that he had exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence:
Provided further that where a person is nominated as a Director of a company by virtue of his holding any office or employment in the Central Government or State Government or a financial corporation owned or controlled by the Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, he shall not be liable for prosecution under this Chapter.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in subsection (1), where any offence under this Act has been committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has been committed with the consent or connivance of, or is attribute to, any neglect on the part of, any director, Manager, secretary, or other office of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
Explanation. For the purposes of this section,
(a) "company" means any body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals; and
(b) "Director", in relating to a firm, means a partner in the firm."
The aforesaid explanation to Section 141 of the N.I. Act is thus explicitly clear while defining `company' and `director'.
10. The learned advocate for the applicant has rightly relied upon the decision of the Apex Court in the case of Aneeta Hada (supra). The Honourable Apex Court observed in paragraphs Nos. 39, 42 and 43 as under:
R/CR.MA/10379/2009 JUDGMENT "39. It is to be borne in mind that Section 141 of the Act is concerned with the offences by the company. It makes the other persons vicariously liable for commission of an offence on the part of the company. As has been stated by us earlier, the vicarious liability gets attracted when the condition precedent laid down in Section 141 of the Act stands satisfied. There can be no dispute that as the liability is penal in nature, a strict construction of the provision would be necessitous and, in a way, the warrant.
42. We have referred to the aforesaid passages only to highlight that there has to be strict observance of the provisions regard being had to the legislative intendment because it deals with penal provisions and a penalty is not to be imposed affecting the rights of persons whether juristic entities or individuals, unless they are arrayed as accused. It is to be kept in mind that the power of punishment is vested in the legislature and that is absolute in Section 141 of the Act which clearly speaks of commission of offence by the company. The learned counsel for the respondents have vehemently urged that the use of the term as well as in the Section is of immense significance and, in its tentacle, it brings in the company as well as the director and/or other officers who are responsible for the acts of the company and, therefore, a prosecution against the directors or other officers is tenable even if the company is not arraigned as an accused. The words as well as have to be understood in the context. In Reserve Bank of India v. Peerless General Finance and Investment Co. Ltd. And others it has been laid down that the entire statute must be first read as a whole, then section by section, clause by clause, phrase by phrase and word by word. The same principle has been reiterated in Deewan Singh and others v. Rajendra Prasad Ardevi and others and Sarabjit Rick Singh v. Union of India. Applying the doctrine of strict construction, we are of the considered opinion that commission of offence by the company is an express condition precedent to attract the vicarious liability of others. Thus, the words as well as the R/CR.MA/10379/2009 JUDGMENT company appearing in the Section make it absolutely unmistakably clear that when the company can be prosecuted, then only the persons mentioned in the other categories could be vicariously liable for the offence subject to the averments in the petition and proof thereof. One cannot be oblivious of the fact that the company is a juristic person and it has its own respectability. If a finding is recorded against it, it would create a concavity in its reputation. There can be situations when the corporate reputation is affected when a director is indicted.
43. In view of our aforesaid analysis, we arrive at the irresistible conclusion that for maintaining the prosecution under Section 141 of the Act, arraigning of a company as an accused is imperative. The other categories of offenders can only be brought in the dragnet on the touchstone of vicarious liability as the same has been stipulated in the provision itself. We say so on the basis of the ratio laid down in C.V. Parekh (AIR 1971 SC 447) (supra) which is a threeJudge Bench decision. Thus, the view expressed in Sheoratan Agarwal, (AIR 1984 SC 1824) (supra) does not correctly lay down the law and, accordingly, is hereby overruled. The decision in Anil Hada, (AIR 2000 SC 145 : 1999 AIR SCW 4228) (supra) is overruled with the qualifier as stated in paragraph 37 the decision in Modi Distilleries, (AIR 1988 SC 1128) (supra) has to be treated to be restricted to its own facts as has been explained by us hereinabove."
11. In my view, the case of the applicant in all the three applications is squarely covered by the ratio laid down by the Honourable Apex Court in the case of Aneeta Hada (supra). In the present case, the original complainant has not joined the partnership firm as an accused, and the complaint is filed only against the driver of the firm, and therefore, in view of the decision rendered by the Honourable Apex Court in the case of Aneeta Hada (supra), all the aforesaid impugned complaints in the present three cases are not maintainable. Hence, this Court can exercise R/CR.MA/10379/2009 JUDGMENT the powers under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C. for quashing and setting aside the impugned complaints. Accordingly, the Criminal Miscellaneous Applications are allowed. The criminal complaints, being Criminal Cases No. 283 of 2007, 284 of 2007 and 154 of 2008, pending before the learned Judicial Magistrate First Class, Sayla, filed by the respondent No.2 - complainant are hereby quashed and set aside. Rule is made absolute.
(VIPUL M. PANCHOLI, J.) sndevu
No comments:
Post a Comment