Sunday, 17 May 2015

How to appreciate evidence in case of bonafide need of landlord in suit for eviction?



The appellate authority however placed unnecessary emphasis on 
the fact that the landlord had not filed any document to show the education 
of his sons.  It further held that there were no documents filed to show that 
the landlord's sons wanted to start   business and further that said business 
did not have direct match with the acquired qualifications.  When the tenant 
was not aware about the family members of the landlord or about his two 
sons, it could not be said that the tenant had placed on record any material to 
doubt the bonafides of the landlord.  As held by the Supreme Court in Sarla  

Ahuja     Vs.     United   India   Insurance   Company   Ltd.     (1998)   8   Supreme  
Court Cases 119, there is always a presumption that the requirement of the 
landlord is bonafide and it is for the tenant to displace said presumption.  In 
the present case,  except for general denial there was no material placed on 
record by the tenant to doubt the landlord's bonafides.  

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY NAGPUR BENCH 
NAGPUR.
WRIT    PETITION   NO.  1847     OF     2007

Purushottam Ramlal Shukla Vs  Atul Narayanprasad Pande

CORAM:   A. S. CHANDURKAR  J.
Dated; 8-1-2015
Citation; 2015(3)ALLMR32,2015(2)ABR18,2015(1)BomCR719, 2015(3)MhLj402


                          

This Writ Petition filed under Article 226 read with Article 227 of 
the   Constitution   of   India   by   the   landlord,   challenges   the   order   dated 

24.11.2006 passed by the Additional Collector, Nagpur whereby the appeal 
preferred by the respondents­tenants under Clause 21 of the C. P. and Berar 
Letting of Premises and Rent Control Order, 1949 (for short the Rent Control 
Order) has been allowed.  As a result of said order,  the proceedings initiated 
by the landlord have been remanded to the Rent Controller for fresh inquiry 
with regard to grant of permission under Clause 13(3)(i), (ii) and (v) of the 
Rent   Control   Order.     The   landlord   has   been   held   ineligible   for   grant   of 
permission under Clause 13(3)(vi) of the Rent Control Order.  
2]
The present litigation is long drawn and reference is being made 
to the relevant facts which are  required to be considered while adjudicating 
the Writ Petition.  The petitioner is the owner of premises that are situated at 
Dharampeth,   Nagpur   being   Municipal   Corporation   House   No.   194.     The 
respondents are the tenants who have been let out two rooms admeasuring 
22 ft. X 33 ft. for business purposes.   There is also a frontage of 22 ft.   On 
18.01.1991   the   petitioner   had   initiated   proceedings   under   Rent   Control 
Order by approaching Rent Controller under the provisions of Clause 13(3)
(i),   (ii)   and   (v)   thereof.     On   29.03.1993   the   Rent   Controller   granted 

permission to issue quit notice to the respondents.   The tenants filed appeal 
under   Clause   21   of   the   Rent   Control   Order.     Along   with   said   appeal   an 
application   for   condonation   of   delay   was   also   filed.     By   order   dated 
28.05.2001   the   application   for   condonation   of   delay   came   to   be   rejected. 
The   review   application   filed   by   the   respondents   was   also   dismissed   on 
30.08.2004.  Both the aforesaid orders were challenged in Writ Petition No. 
5941   of   2004.     This   Court   on   17.01.2005   dismissed   the   Writ   Petition. 

Thereafter the respondents preferred Letters Parent Appeal No. 21 of 2005 
which   came   to   be   allowed   on   28.06.2005.     After   setting   aside   the   orders 
passed by the appellate authority as well as by the learned Single Judge, the 
application for condonation of delay came to be allowed.  This order in turn 
came to be challenged by the landlord before the Supreme Court of India. 
On 20.02.2006 the Supreme Court of India permitted the landlord to amend 
the proceedings for eviction and to seek permission to issue quit notice on the 
ground  of bonafide need.     The appellate authority was also permitted to 
record evidence and thereafter decide the appeal.  
3]
Pursuant to aforesaid liberty as granted, the petitioner amended 
the original application and sought eviction of the respondents on the ground 
of bonafide need.  It was pleaded that the landlord had two sons who were 
on the verge of completing their education.  It was stated that in part of the 
premises the landlord's wife was running a lodge and hence the elder son 
decided to start a general store in part of the premises.   The younger son 
wanted   to   start   restaurant­cum­mess   in   part   of   the   premises.       The 

respondents amended their written statement and opposed the claim of the 
landlord.  It was denied that there was any bonafide need on the part of the 
landlord.  It was further stated that a large portion of the premises was lying 
vacant and was not being used.  Similarly, it was stated that the landlord did 
not   have   need   of   the   entire   premises.     It   was   then   stated   that   if   the 
permission as prayed was granted,   then hardship would be caused to the 
tenants.  
The landlord examined himself in support of aforesaid grounds. 
The respondents in turn examined respondent no. 5 on their behalf.   The 
appellate authority thereafter on 24.11.2006 decided said appeal by holding 
that as the tenants did not have proper opportunity to contest the original 
proceedings.  Hence,  as regards grounds under Clause 13(3)(i), (ii) and (v) 
the proceedings came to be remanded to the Rent Controller.  It further held 
that   the   landlord   had   failed   to   prove   that   he   was   in   bonafide   need   of 
aforesaid premises.   Hence, permission under Clause 13(3)(vi) of the Rent 
Control   Order   came   to   be   denied.     This   order   passed   by   the   appellate 
authority has been challenged in the present Writ Petition.  It is to be noted 
that   on   19th  and   20th  November   2008   the   Writ   Petition   had   been   partly 
allowed and the landlord was granted permission under Clause 13(3)(vi) of 
the Rent Control Order.  The tenants being aggrieved by aforesaid judgment 
filed Letters Patent Appeal No. 410 of 2008.   The Division Bench dismissed 
said Letters Patent Appeal while holding that the Writ Petition filed by the 
landlord under Article 226 of the Constitution of India was not maintainable. 

The tenants thereafter filed Special Leave Petition before the Supreme Court 
of  India.    On  14.07.2014   the   Supreme   Court  of   India   set  aside   the   order 
dated   20.10.2010   passed   by   the   Division   Bench   and   remanded   the 
proceedings to this Court.     In the order dated 14.07.2014 it was observed 
thus: 
“In the present case, we find that the High Court on 
the one hand while held that the writ petition was not 
maintainable,   on   the   other   hand   dismissed   the   LPA. 
We are of the view that instead of dismissed the LPA , 
Division Bench should have referred the matter back to 
the Single Judge to decide whether the writ petition 
was   maintainable   and   whether   it   was   a   fit   case   for 
interference under Article 227 of the Constitution of 
India.”
It is in this background that the present Writ Petition has been 
heard.  
4]
Shri J. T. Gilda, learned counsel appearing for the landlord after 
referring to the earlier orders passed in the proceedings, submitted that in 
view   of   the   order   dated   14.07.2014   the   writ   petition   would   have   to   be 
decided in the light of observations made by the Supreme Court of India.  He 
submitted that under the provisions of Article 227 of the Constitution of India 
this Court could exercise jurisdiction if it is found that the order passed by the 
subordinate   authority   has   resulted   in   grave   injustice   or   failure   of   justice. 
Relying upon the observations made in Surya Dev Rai Vs. Ram Chander Rai  
and others (2003) 6 Supreme Court Cases 675, it was urged that if the 
impugned order is shown to have been passed in clear ignorance or utter 
disregard of the provisions of law,  then even errors of fact or of law could be 

corrected.  In that regard he also placed reliance on the judgment of  learned 
Single   Judge   in  Shankar   Bhairoba   Vadangekar   since   deceased   through  
L.Rs.   Dattatraya   Shankar   Vadangekar   and   others     Vs.     Ganpati   Appa  
Gatare since deceased through L. Rs. Smt. Sushilabai Ganpat Gatare and  
others 2001(4) Maharashtra Law Journal 131,  Norman Joseph Ferreira  
and   another     Vs.     Arjandas   Newandram   by   his   L.Rs.   Newandram 
Shivalomal and others 2001(2) Maharashtra Law Journal 810 as well as 
Ganpat   Ragho   Dhangar   and   others     Vs.     Ninaji   Raoji   Dhangar   and  
another   1980   Maharashtra   Law   Journal   263.    He   then   submitted   that 
there was sufficient material on record to hold that the landlord had proved 
his bonafide need.  The permission had been sought on the ground that both 
his sons were on the verge of completing their education and hence it was 
necessary for him to settle them in life.  As the landlord's wife was running a 
lodge,   the   purpose   for   which   the   tenanted   premises   were   required   would 
have   supplemented   the   aforesaid   activity.     He   further   submitted   that   the 
landlord being the best judge of his needs, he was entitled to seek eviction of 
the tenant so as to settle his sons.  He, therefore, submitted that the appellate 
authority   was   not   justified   in   refusing   permission   to   the   landlord   on   the 
ground of bonafide need.  In this regard he placed reliance on the decision in 
Shamshad Ahmad and others   Vs.   Tilak Raj Bajaj (Deceased) through  
LRs. And others (2008) 9 Supreme Court Cases 1.  He urged that the tenant 
in   his   written   statement   had   merely   denied   the   case   of   the   landlord   as 
regards   bonafide   need.     In   the   reply   it   was   merely   pleaded   that   greater 

hardship would be caused to the tenant if said permission is granted.   He, 
therefore, submitted that the bonafide need of the landlord had been clearly 
established.  On the aspect of hardship to the tenants, he urged that merely 
on the ground of length of tenancy relief could not be denied to the landlord. 
In this regard he placed reliance on  Mohd. Ayub and another  Vs.  Mukesh  
Chand AIR 2012 Supreme Court 881.  He, thus submitted that the appellate 
authority having failed to take   into account the relevant evidence that was 

available on record as well as the settled law as regards the matters to be 
considered while adjudicating the bonafide need of the landlord having been 
ignored, a case for interference under Article 227 of the Constitution of India 
had been made out.  
On the other hand Shri C. S. Kaptan, learned Senior Counsel with 
5]
Shri R. V. Shah, learned counsel appearing for the respondents opposed the 
writ petition.   It was submitted that in view of the order dated 14.07.2014 
passed by the Supreme Court of India, the scope for interference was quite 
limited.     The   learned   senior   counsel   submitted   that   while   exercising 
jurisdiction under Article 227 of the Constitution of India,   the High Court 
could not act like a Court of appeal.  Such jurisdiction could not be exercised 
to upset erroneous conclusion of facts.  He placed reliance upon the judgment 
of   learned   Single   Judge   in  Prabhudas   Narayan   Gedam   &   others     Vs.  
Municipal   Council,   Bhadrawati   2003   (1)   Mh.   L.J.   275  to   urge   that   in 
absence   of   any  jurisdictional   error,  there  was  no  scope   to   interfere   under 
Article   227   of   the   Constitution.     Relying   upon   the   decision   in  Delhi  

Administration   Vs.   Gurdip   Singh   Uban   and   others     (2000)   7   Supreme  
Court Cases 296, it was urged that merely because a party has lost before 
lower authority, the same could not lead to be presumption that injustice had 
been done to him.  The same would depend upon the facts of each case.  He 
further submitted that the view expressed in Surya Deo Rai (supra) had not 
been accepted by the Supreme Court in its subsequent decision in  Radhey  
Shyam and another Vs.  Chhabi Nath and others (2009) 5 Supreme Court  
ig
Cases 616.  
On merits it was submitted that the appellate authority had on 
the basis of evidence before it come to the conclusion that landlord had failed 
to prove his bonafide need.   The conclusion as drawn was after taking into 
account all the material that was available on record.  This Court could not 
exercise jurisdiction merely because another view of the matter was possible. 
It was further urged that the landlord had not led any documentary evidence 
in support of his claim and therefore his case was rightly disbelieved by the 
appellate   authority.     Relying   upon   the   decision   in  Municipal   Committee, 
Hoshiarpur   Vs.   Punjab   State   Electricity   Board   and   others   (2010)   13  
Supreme  Court  Cases 216,  it was submitted  that only   if  the  findings  as 
recorded were either perverse or the conclusion as arrived at was such that 
no reasonable person could have arrived at the same, only then a case for 
interference would be made out.   Such was not the position in the present 
case.    He   also   placed   reliance   on  the   decision  of   learned   Single   Judge   in 
Janba Daulatrao Borkar  Vs.  Rajeshkumar Ramjiwan Agrawal AIR 1976  
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Bombay 70.   He further submitted that it could not be expected that the 
landlord's son  who  was  pursuing  his  engineering course  was  interested  in 
running restaurant­cum­mess.   It was also submitted that the provisions of 
Clause   13(8)   of   the   Rent   Control   Order   had   not   been   taken   into 
consideration   by   the   appellate   authority.       The   aspect   of   partial   eviction 
which   could   satisfy   the   need   of   the   landlord   was   not   examined.     He 
submitted that the plea regarding partial eviction had been raised in the reply 
ig
and was also referred to in the tenants deposition.  He, therefore, submitted 
that as aforesaid aspect had not been taken into account, findings based on 
such adjudication were not available in the present case.  He, thus, submitted 
that the appellate authority had rightly found that the landlord had failed to 
prove his case of bonafide need.  
6]
The learned counsel for the petitioner in reply submitted that the 
High   Court   under   Article   227   of   the   Constitution   could     interfere   with 
findings as recorded if the same are not supported by evidence on record.  He 
submitted   that   said   view   taken   by   learned   Single   Judge   in 
Madhusudansingh   Laxmansingh   Chouhan   and   another     Vs.     Bhaskar  
Govind Deshpande  1987 Mh. L. J. 487 had been affirmed by the Division 
Bench   in  Bhaskar   Govind   Deshpande   since   deceased   by   Legal  
Representatives   Wasundharabai   and   others     Vs.     Madhusudansingh  
Laxmansingh Chouhan and another  1988 Mh. L. J. 409.  He further urged 
that it was for the tenant to factually place on record relevant material if 
benefit of provisions of Clause 13(8) of the Rent Control Order was sought to 
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be   taken.     Reliance   in   this   regard   was   also   placed   on   the   decision   in 
Gopalsing Rajput Vs. Mumtaz Hussain 1996(1) Mh. L. J. 742. He further 
submitted that as the appellate authority had found that the bonafide need of 
the landlord had not been proved, there was no question of recording any 
findings under Clause 13(8) of the Rent Control Order.  He also urged that it 
was   not   necessary   for   the   landlord   to   have   dire   necessity   to   prove   his 
bonafide need.  In this regard he relied upon the decision of learned Single 
ig
Judge   in  Mandakini   Radhakrishna   Damkondawar   Vs.   Nirmaladevi 
Chandrakant   Pandit   1995(2)   Maharashtra   Law   Journal   864.    He   also 
submitted that there was shift in the approach of the Supreme Court as well 
as of this Court while considering bonafide need of a landlord.  Said shift in 
approach was in favour of the landlord. In this regard he placed reliance on 
the decision of the Supreme Court in  State of Maharashtra and Anr. Vs.  
Super   Max   International   Pvt.   Ltd.   and   Ors.   (2009)   9   SCC   772.        He, 
therefore,   urged   that   in   aforesaid   background   the   order   passed   by   the 
appellate authority could not be sustained and interference was called for in 
writ jurisdiction.   
7]
  Before considering aforesaid submissions, it may be noted that 
the learned Counsel for the petitioner urged for considering the case of the 
landlord on the ground of bonafide need.   No submissions were made with 
regard to grounds under Clause 13(3)(i), (ii) and (v) of the Rent Control 
Order. 

It   would   therefore   be   necessary   to   consider   the   aspect   of 
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tenability of the writ petition as well as the scope for interference available 
under Article 227 of the Constitution of India while considering challenge to 
the impugned order.  In the order of remand passed by the Supreme Court of 
India,  this Court has been directed to decide whether the writ petition was 
maintainable and whether it was a fit case for interference under Article 227 
of   the   Constitution   of   India.   With   regard   to   the   first   issue   regarding 
maintainability   of  the  writ   petition,   the   learned   counsel   for   the   petitioner 
ig
relied   upon   decision   of   the   Supreme   Court   in  Surya   Dev   Rai  (supra).   In 
paragraphs 37 and 38 of aforesaid decision the Supreme Court has observed 
that a writ of certiorari is directed against the acts, or proceedings of the 
subordinate   Court   and   it   can   issue   even   if   the   lis   is   between   two   private 
parties. For holding so, the Supreme Court referred to earlier larger Bench decisions 
in T. C. Basappa  Vs. T. Nagappa AIR 1954 Supreme Court 440 and Province of  
Bombay Vs.  Khushaldas S.  Advani AIR 1950 Supreme Court 222.  In reply to 
aforesaid   submission,   the   learned   Senior   Counsel   for   the   respondent 
submitted   that   the   proposition   laid   down   in  Surya   Dev   Rai  (supra)   that 
judicial orders passed by civil Court could be examined and then corrected by 
the writ Court in exercise of its power under a writ of certiorari has been referred to 
a larger Bench.  In the present case the order impugned is passed by the authority 
empowered to adjudicate the proceedings under the Rent Control Order.   Though 
the view as taken in Surya Dev Rai   (supra) as referred to above has been referred 
to a larger Bench,  till such  adjudication is made said view  continues  to operate. 
Moreover,  in  view  of  subsequent  decisions  of the  Full  Bench of this Court in
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Advani Oerlikon Ltd.  (supra) and  Ramchandra  Dagoji Rangari through  
LRs. (supra) it is clear that the Writ Petition as filed under Article 227 of the 
Constitution of India is tenable.  
8]
It would now be necessary to consider whether any case has been 
made out for interfering under Article 227 of the Constitution of India.  While 
doing so it would be necessary to refer to the law laid down by the Supreme 
Court in that regard:
ig
a] In State of Gujarat etc.  Vs.  Vakhatsinghji Vajesinghji Vaghela (dead) 
his legal representatives and others AIR 1968 Supreme Court 1481, while 
considering the scope of interference under Article 227 of the Constitution of 
India it was held in paragraph 14 as under: 
“Article 227 of the Constitution gives the 
High   Court   the   power   of   superintendence   over   all 
Courts   and   tribunals   throughout   the   territories   in 
relation   to   which   it   exercises   jurisdiction.     This 
jurisdiction cannot be limited or referred by any Act of 
the   State   Legislature.     The   supervisory   jurisdiction 
extends   to   keeping   the   subordinate   tribunals   within 
the   limits   of   their   authority   and   to   seeing   that   they 
obey the law.”
b]  In  Chandavarkar   Sita   Ratna   Rao   Vs.   Ashalata   S.  Guram (1986)   4  
Supreme Court Cases 447 in the context of proceedings under the Bombay 
Rents, Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act, 1947,  in paragraphs 16 
and 20 it has been observed as under: 
“16. It is well settled that the High Court can set aside 
or ignore the findings of fact of an appropriate court if 
there was no evidence to justify such a conclusion and 
if no reasonable person could possibly have come to 
the conclusion which the Courts below have come or 
in other words a finding which was perverse in law. 
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c]
This principle is well settled.  
20.   It   is   true   that   in   exercise   of   jurisdiction   under 
Article 227 of the Constitution the High Court could 
go into the question of facts or look into the evidence 
if justice so requires it, if there is any misdirection in 
law   or   a   view   of   fact   taken   in   the   teeth   of 
preponderance of evidence.”
In  Achutananda   Baidya     Vs.     Prafullya   Kumar   Gayen   And  
Others (1997) 5 Supreme Court Cases 76, in paragraph 10 thereof it was 
observed as under:
ig
“10. The power of superintendence of the High Court 
under Article 227 of the Constitution is not confined to 
administrative   superintendence   only   but   such   power 
includes within its sweep the power of judicial review. 
The power and duty of the High Court under Article 
227   is   essentially   to   ensure   that   the   courts   and 
tribunals, inferior to High Court, have done what they 
were   required   to   do.     Law   is   sell   settled   by   various 
decisions   of   this   Court   that   the   High   Court   can 
interfere under Article 227 of the Constitution in cases 
of   erroneous   assumption   or   acting   beyond   its 
jurisdiction   ,   refusal   to   exercise   jurisdiction,   error   of 
law apparent on record as distinguished from a mere 
mistake   of   law,   arbitrary   or   capricious   exercise   of 
authority   or   discretion,   a   patent   error   in   procedure, 
arriving at a finding which is perverse or based on no 
material, or resulting in manifest injustice.  As regards 
finding   of   fact   of   the   inferior   court,   the   High   Court 
should   not   quash   the   judgment   of   the   subordinate 
court merely on the ground that its finding of fact was 
erroneous   but   it   will   be   open   to   the   High   Court   in 
exercise of the powers under Article 227 to interfere 
with the finding of fact if the subordinate court came 
to   the   conclusion   without   any   evidence   or   upon 
manifest misreading of the evidence thereby indulging 
in improper exercise of jurisdiction or if its conclusions 
are perverse.”  
d]   Thereafter   in  Koyilerian   Janaki   And   Others     Vs.     Rent   Controller  
(Munsiff), Cannanore And Others   (2000) 9 Supreme Court Cases 406, 
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while   considering   the   provisions   of   the   Kerala   Buildings   (Lease   and   Rent 
Control) Act, in the backdrop of the position that the order of the appellate 
authority  was made final, in paragraph 4 of said judgment it was observed as 
under:

9]
ig
“The   proceedings   in   the   present   case   arose   under   a 
special   Act   governing   the   landlord   and   tenant 
relationship and disputes.   The Act does not provide 
any second appeal or revision to the High Court.  The 
purpose   behind   for   not   providing   such   remedy   is   to 
give finality to the order passed under the Act.   The 
power   under   Article   227   is   exercisable   where   it   is 
found by the High Court that due to a certain grave 
error an injustice has been caused to a party.”
From the aforesaid it is, therefore, clear that interference under 
Article 227 of the Constitution of India is called for to keep the subordinate 
authority within the limits of its authority and to see that the law of the land 
is   obeyed.     In   case   there   is   any   misdirection   in   law   or   if   a   conclusion   is 
arrived at without there being any evidence on record,  then even a finding of 
fact   arrived   at   on   said   basis   can   be   interfered   with.     The   decision   in 
Raghunath B. Panhale (Dead) by Lrs. (supra) also lays down the same law.  
It   is   not   in   dispute   that   conclusions   of   fact   even   if   erroneous 
cannot be upset unless such conclusions are found to be perverse or against 
the   weight   of   evidence   on   record.     As   held   in  M/s   India   Pipe   Fitting   Co. 
(supra) relied upon by the learned Senior Counsel for the respondent,   the 
High Court cannot act as a Court of appeal in exercise of jurisdiction under 
Article 227 of the Constitution.   However, in the very same decision it has 
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been   observed   in   paragraph   6   that   interference   could   be   justified   in   an 
appropriate   case   if   it   is   found   that   the   conclusion   arrived   at   by   the 
subordinate authority is either perverse or against the weight of evidence.
 Considering the aforesaid position of law,  it is not necessary to 
refer to other decisions relied upon by the learned counsel for the petitioner 
as regards the scope for interference under Article 227 of the Constitution of 
Keeping aforesaid legal position in mind,  the respective cases of 
ig
10]
India.  
the parties would have to be examined on the basis of material placed on 
record.   In the application seeking permission to issue quite notice on the 
ground of bonafide need, the landlord came up with a specific case that both 
his sons who were taking education intended to start some business in the 
tenanted premises.  While the elder son wanted to start a general store,  the 
younger son wanted to start restaurant­cum­mess.  It was further stated that 
there were several hotels and lodges in the area and the landlord's wife was 
already running a lodge.  In his deposition the landlord referred to aforesaid 
need.  In his cross examination it was suggested to the landlord that he had 
not filed any documents to indicate that he had two sons aged 27 years and 
22 years respectively.   He stated that he had sold two blocks about 4 to 5 
years ago which blocks were admeasuring 8 X 10 ft. each.  
11]
So far as tenant is concerned, in his written statement he stated 
that he did not know whether the landlord had two sons.   Besides general 
denial,   it was stated that the need of the landlord was not bonafide and 
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genuine.  It was stated that tenant had spent an amount of Rs.4,00,000/­ in 
renovating the tenanted premises.  It was further stated that the landlord was 
owning   various   other   buildings   that   could   be   used   for   his   bonafide 
requirement.  It was then stated that if such permission was granted,  greater 
hardship would be caused to the tenant.  
The   tenant   examined   himself   and   in   his   cross   examination   he 
admitted   that   he   had   no   knowledge   about   the   family   members   of   the 
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landlord or about occupation of said family members.  He further stated that 
he was not aware whether any family members of the landlord were running 
lodging and boarding  house.   He specifically stated  that he  did not know 
anything about the landlord's sons.   He referred to other business premises 
from where his business was being run.  
12]
In view of the order of remand, aforesaid evidence was examined 
only by the appellate authority.  The consideration of aforesaid evidence and 
appreciation thereof has been done by the appellate authority in a cryptic 
manner.  The appellate authority held that:
a] The landlord had not filed any documents to show the education of his 
sons;
b]  The landlord had not filed any document to show that both sons wanted 
to start their respective business; 
c] one son wanting to start general stores and the other son wanting to start 
restaurant­cum­mess   did   not   have   direct   match   with   their   acquired 
qualifications.   
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Thereafter, in a cryptic manner, the appellate authority concluded that the 
landlord had failed to prove his bonafide need.   It, therefore, allowed the 
appeal and held the landlord ineligible for grant of permission under Clause 
13(3)(vi) of the Rent Control Order.  
13]
If the evidence and cross examination of the respective parties is 
considered, it is clear that while the landlord came up with a specific case 
regarding need of his sons, the tenant remained content by taking the stand 
ig
of denial.  In his cross examination he stated that he had no knowledge either 
about the landlord's family, their occupation or even about his two sons.  The 
bonafides of the landlord were not specifically challenged.   Though a plea 
was raised that the landlord had various other premises where business could 
be  started, there  was  no  evidence  what  so  ever  led  by  the   tenant in that 
regard.       The   tenant   was   also   not   aware   about   the   proceedings   initiated 
against   the   other   tenant   for   seeking   possession   of   the   other   tenanted 
premises.  This is the nature of evidence that was available on record.  
14]
The appellate authority however placed unnecessary emphasis on 
the fact that the landlord had not filed any document to show the education 
of his sons.  It further held that there were no documents filed to show that 
the landlord's sons wanted to start   business and further that said business 
did not have direct match with the acquired qualifications.  When the tenant 
was not aware about the family members of the landlord or about his two 
sons, it could not be said that the tenant had placed on record any material to 
doubt the bonafides of the landlord.  As held by the Supreme Court in Sarla  

Ahuja     Vs.     United   India   Insurance   Company   Ltd.     (1998)   8   Supreme  
Court Cases 119, there is always a presumption that the requirement of the 
landlord is bonafide and it is for the tenant to displace said presumption.  In 
the present case,  except for general denial there was no material placed on 
record by the tenant to doubt the landlord's bonafides.  
15]
As regards absence of documents to show that the sons wanted to 
start   business,   it   is   well   settled   that   it   is   not   necessary   to   have   prior 
experience   for   starting   any   business   and   the   same   is   not   relevant   while 
examining the bonafide need of the landlord.   The learned counsel for the 
petitioner has rightly relied upon the decision of the learned Single Judge in 
Dinesh   s/o   Balkrishna   Dande  (supra).     As   regards   the   third   reason   for 
rejecting the application namely that in view of the qualifications of the sons 
the same did not have match with the business proposed to be started, it is to 
be noted that such was not even the case of the tenant.  It was not the stand 
of the tenant that because both the sons were taking education they were not 
entitled   to   run   the   business.     The   appellate   authority   has   come   to   said 
conclusion without there being any factual foundation for the same in the 
pleadings.  Moreover, as observed in Sarla Ahuja (supra), the tenant cannot 
dictate   the   manner   in   which   the   landlord   should   undertake   his 
business/livelihood. 
16]
Hence,   when   aforesaid   conclusions   recorded   by   the   appellate 
authority on the evidence available on record are examined in the light of the 
law laid down by the Supreme Court that has been referred to above, it is 

clear that:
a] requiring the landlord to file documents to show his sons education is a 
perverse conclusion resulting from misdirection in law;
b]   requiring   the   landlord   to   file   documents   that   his   sons   wanted   to   start 
business is in breach of settled legal position;
c] observations that the sons qualifications did not have direct match with the 
evidence what so ever.  
business proposed to be started is again a perverse finding not based on any 
Thus   it   is   clear   that   the   appellate   authority   while   arriving   at   aforesaid 
conclusions   disregarded   the   settled   position   of   law.       Findings   have   been 
recorded   without   there   being   any   evidence   on   record   and   the   landlord's 
bonafides  have   been  doubted  in absence   of  any  contrary  evidence  in that 
regard.  By coming to said conclusion the appellate authority has committed 
grave error thereby causing injustice to the landlord.   There being manifest 
misreading of evidence resulting in improper exercise of jurisdiction, a clear 
case for interference under Article 227 of the Constitution of India has been 
made out.   Considering the evidence on record, it is clear that the landlord 
had made out a case for grant of permission to issue quit notice under Clause 
13(3)(vi) of the Rent Control Order.   The landlord desired to settle his two 
sons for doing independent business and proceedings for eviction of another 
tenant  had  also  been commenced.   The   business  that  was intended  to  be 
started was to supplement  the lodging business being done by the landlord's 
wife.    In  absence   of   any  contrary   evidence   to   doubt   the   bonafides  of   the 

landlord,   it   would   be   difficult   to   maintain   the   findings   recorded   by   the 
17]
appellate authority that the landlord had failed to prove his bonafide need.  
The   other   submission   made   by   the   learned   Senior   Counsel   as 
regards examination of the matter in the light of provisions of Clause 13(8) 
of the Rent Control Order is required to be examined.   In the application 
moved by the landlord it was specifically stated that the landlord required the 
entire premises for his sons bonafide occupation.   In the written statement 

besides denial,  there was no plea raised that the need of the landlord could 
be satisfied by granting him portion of the tenanted premises.  In some what 
similar situation, this Court in Gopalsing Rajput (supra) had observed that in 
absence  of   any   pleadings  or   evidence  in   support  thereof,  it  would   not  be 
possible to permit the tenant to raise a plea regarding necessity of inquiry 
under Clause 13(8) of the Rent Control Order.  As found above, there was no 
evidence led by the tenant even in that regard.   Moreover, the premises  in 
question are two rooms admeasuring  22 X 33 ft. along with frontage.  It is, 
therefore obvious that if both the sons are to be settled in separate business 
for each of them, there would hardly be any scope even otherwise to consider 
whether the need of the landlord could be satisfied by being granted part of 
the tenanted premises.  Hence, aforesaid submission cannot be accepted. 
As a result of aforesaid discussion,   the petitioner is entitled to 
succeed.  Hence the following order is passed:
1]
The order dated 24.11.2006 passed by the Additional Collector 
Nagpur, in Rent Control Appeal No. 58/A­71(2)/1993­94 refusing to grant 

2]

set aside.      
permission under Clause 13(3)(vi) of the Rent Control Order is quashed and 
The petitioner is granted permission to issue quit notice to the 
respondents under provisions of Clause 13(3)(vi) of the Rent Control Order. 
Rule   is   made   absolute   in   aforesaid   terms   with   no   order   as   to 
costs.                

3] 
JUDGE

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