Sunday, 7 December 2014

Whether accused can be directed to pay entire fine amount in cheque dishonour case during pendency of appeal?



The   present   matter   is   not   case   under 
Section   357(3)   of   Cr.P.C.   Still,   however,   while 
suspending the fine under Section 389 of Cr.P.C., 
keeping in view rival claims which are yet to be 
finally   decided   in   Appeal,   it   will   be   reasonable 
that   interest   of   the   complainant   as   well   as   the 
accused,   both   are   safeguarded.   The   prayer   in   the 
present Petition is to stay the impugned order to 
the   extent   of   direction   of   deposit   of   entire 
amount of fine within fifteen days. Looking to the 
amount of cheque concerned, it would be reasonable 

that   instead   of   Rs.6,50,000/­   directed   to   be 
deposited as fine, the sentence of payment of fine 
is suspended, subject  to  condition of   deposit 
of   Rs.4,24,040/­,   for   which   some   reasonable   time 
is given.

BENCH AT AURANGABAD
                                       
     IN  THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY 
   CRIMINAL WRIT PETITION NO.138 OF 2014
Sou. Sushila w/o Vithalrao Kadam,

       VERSUS             
 Bhagyalaxmi Nagari Sahakari Pat
    Sanstha Maryadit, 
              CORAM:  A.I.S. CHEEMA, J.

   DATE OF PRONOUNCING JUDGMENT:  6TH MAY, 2014.
                                 

 Citation; 2014 ALLMR(cri) 3806

In   this   matter,  Rule  was   issued   on   30th 
Respondent   No.1­   original   complainant   is 
2.

April, 2014 and the matter has been finally heard.
a society doing business of banking and had filed 
complaint   against   the     Petitioner   having   S.C.C. 
No.1043   of   2002   before   the   Judicial   Magistrate, 
First Class, Kopargaon for the offence punishable 
under   Section   138   of   the   Negotiable   Instruments 
Act   (“Act”   in   brief).   It   was   alleged   that   the 
Petitioner   had   availed   hypothecation   loan   and   in 
that  context,  on 13th  May 2002,  issued   cheque  of 
Rs.4,24,040/­   in   favour   of   the   complainant.   The 
cheque was dishonoured and thus the complaint was 
filed.   After   trial,   the   Petitioner   was   convicted 
on   10th   January,   2014   and   sentenced   to   suffer 

simple   imprisonment   for   three   months   and   imposed 
fine   of   Rs.6,50,000/­   and   in   default   to   suffer 
simple   imprisonment   for   two   months.   Out   of   the 
fine   amount,   Rs.6,00,000/­   were   directed   to   be 
paid as compensation to the complainant.
It   is   claimed   that   against   the   Judgment 
3.

of   the   Magistrate,   Criminal   Appeal   No.3   of   2014 
was   filed   and   it   came   up   before   the   Additional 
Sessions  Judge,  Kopargaon.  In Appeal,  Application 
Exhibit  5 was moved  to  suspend  the  sentence.   The 
Additional Sessions Judge, in the order, directed 
to   deposit   the   entire   amount   of   fine   within 
fifteen   days.   Being   aggrieved   by   such   order, 
present Petition has been filed.
4.
The   Petitioner   claims   that   the   order 
passed   by   the   Additional   Sessions   Judge   is 
contrary to the spirit of Section 389 of the Code 
of   Criminal   Procedure,   1973   (“Cr.P.C.”   in   brief) 
and she could not be put to such strict terms of 

depositing   the   entire   amount   of   fine   within 
fifteen   days.   The   order,   directing     deposit   of 
entire amount of fine, is illegal. The Petitioner 
claims   that   it   is   necessary   to   modify   the   order 
dated   16th   January   2014,   to   the   extent   of 
The   contesting   Respondent   No.1   society­ 
5.

within fifteen days.
directions   of   depositing   entire   amount   of   fine 
original   complainant,   has   filed   affidavit ­in­
reply. Respondent No.1 claims that the Petitioner 
had availed hypothecation loan and the Petitioner, 
her husband and sons mortgaged family lands which 
were   in   their   name,   by   registered   mortgage,   in 
favour of the complainant society. The Respondent 
No.1 has annexed copy of the mortgage deed as well 
as   7   X   12   extracts   of   the   lands   which   were 
mortgaged.   Respondent   No.1   has   claimed   that   the 
Petitioner­accused   had,   after   verifying   the 
accounts,   issued   the   cheque   of   Rs.4,24,040/­   but 
the   same   was   dishonoured.   There   was   Arbitration 

Case   in   Co­operative   Court   at   Kopargaon   bearing 
No.548 of 2004, to recover the amount of the loan, 
which   was   decided   in   favour   of   Respondent   No.1 
Society   and   the   Petitioner   was     directed   to   pay 
Rs.4,74,386/­   along   with   interest,   which   has   now 
become   dues   of   Rs.11,44,332/­.   Respondent   No.1 
claims   that   Respondent   No.1   filed   Appeal   to 

Appellate   Co­operative   Court,   as   N.P.A.   interest 
was not awarded and the Petitioner also preferred 
Appeal   against   the   award.   Although   there   is   no 
stay to the execution, the Petitioner has not paid 
any   amount.   Respondent   No.1   has   claimed   that   the 
land   mortgaged   with   the   Respondent   Society   was 
subsequently   mortgaged   by   the   Petitioner   and   her 
family members to other institutions also and this 
was   learnt   by   the   Respondent   Society   when   notice 
was received in Special Darkhast No.69 of 2004. It 
is   also   contended   by   the   Respondent   Society   that 
son of Petitioner, who had mortgaged the property 
with   the   Respondent   society,   was   indebted   to   13 
creditors   and   later   on   filed   Insolvency   Petition 

No.3 of 2010 before Civil Judge, Senior Division, 
Kopargaon,   which  came to  be dismissed,  as far  as 
regards   present   Respondent   society   is   concerned. 
The   Petitioner,   with  mala   fide  intentions,   had 
moved   the   Consumer   Court   claiming     payment   of 
deposit   amount,   but   her   complaint   was   dismissed 
and   State   Consumer   Forum   also   permitted 

appropriation   of   the   amount   of   deposit   towards 
loan.   Respondent   society   claims   that   the 
Petitioner   was   working   in   a   modus   operandi   to 
mortgage the same property with several financial 
institutions   and   then   drag   them   to   vexatious 
litigations   for   years   together,   although   the 
Petitioner   has   sufficient   means   and   landed 
properties. The Respondent society has been trying 
to recover the amount of loan since the year 2000 
and   till   now   has   not   been   able   to   succeed. 
According   to   the   Respondent   society,   Section   389 
of Cr.P.C. cannot be interpreted in a way which is 
detriment   to   the   creditor   in   the   back   ground   of 
the legislative history of provisions of the Act. 

The   Respondent   society,   along   with   affidavit­in­
reply,   has   supported   the   contentions   by 
documentary evidence. 
6.
I   have   heard   learned   counsel   for   both 
sides.   Learned   counsel   for   the   Petitioner 
submitted  that  the  Petitioner  is an old  lady  and 

that she is in bad financial condition. After the 
order   was   passed   by   the   Judicial         Magistrate, 
Rs.1,50,000/­ were deposited. According to learned 
counsel,   this   was   sufficient   amount   and   during 
pendency of the Appeal, the Petitioner should not 
be forced to deposit the remaining amount of fine. 
Reliance   was   placed   on   the   case   of  Bikram   Kumar 
Jena vs. State of Orissa and another, reported in 
2010(4) Crimes 594, to submit that in that matter 
there   was   direction   to   pay   Rs.1,50,000/­   as 
compensation and the appellate Court had directed 
the accused to deposit Rs.1,00,000/­, however the 
High Court had, while considering the plea of the 
accused   of   financial   stringency,   reduced   the 

amount to Rs.50,000/­. Reliance was also placed on 
the case of N. Henry vs. Vijaya Kumar, reported in 
2010 DGLS(DOC) 425, to submit that in that matter 
the   accused   was   directed   to   deposit   Rs.5,000/­ 
instead   of   50%   of   the   fine   amount   i.e. 
Rs.1,00,000/­.   According   to   the   learned   counsel, 
keeping in view the above approach of the Hon'ble 

High Courts, in present matter also the Petitioner 
7.
deserves to be given benefit.
Learned   counsel   further   relied   on   the 
case of  Dilip S. Dahanukar vs. Kotak Mahindra Co. 
Ltd. and another, reported in 2007 (6) S.C.C. 528. 
That   was   a   matter   where,   while   convicting   the 
accused No.1 company, sentence passed was of fine 
of Rs.25,000/­ and in default of fine, the accused 
No.2,   chairman   of   the   company   was   directed   to 
suffer   simple   imprisonment   for   one   month.   The 
accused   No.2   was   also   convicted   for   the   offence 
under   Section   138   read   with   141   of   the   Act   and 
sentenced   to   suffer   simple   imprisonment   for   one 
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9
month.   In   that   matter,   there   was   further   order 
that the accused No.2 will pay compensation to the 
complainant   quantified   at   Rs.15,00,000/­,   under 
Section 357(3) of Cr.P.C. and certain installments 
were   given   to   him.   In   that   context,   the   Hon'ble 
Supreme Court considered the provisions of Section 
357(3) of Cr.P.C. and had   directed the appellant 
8.
Rs.1,00,000/­. 
ig
before  the  Hon'ble  Supreme Court  to    deposit 
Against   this,   the   learned   counsel   for 
Respondent   No.1   referring   to   the   contents   of   the 
affidavit­in­reply   and   various   documents   in 
support,   has   submitted   that   the   Petitioner 
although having sufficient means, has no intention 
to   pay   and   apart   from   the   present   Respondent 
society, there are various other creditors who are 
being made to face litigations just because there 
is   no   intention   to   pay.   The   learned   counsel   for 
Respondent   society   pointed   out   copies   of   7   X   12 
extracts which are being filed on record, to show 
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10
that   the   Petitioner   and   her   family   members   had 
various   properties   standing   in   their   names.   Name 
of Petitioner herself appears against Gut Nos. 237 
and   238/2,   as   can   be   seen   from   Exhibit   A­1   and 
A­2,   filed   along   with   affidavit­in­reply.   It   is 
argued that there is no financial stringency faced 
by the Petitioner but the whole thing is that the 
ig
Petitioner just does not want to return money. It 
has been argued that the Respondent society is in 
banking sector and because of such bad loans, the 
whole system is suffering. The object, with which 
provisions were made in the Negotiable Instruments 
Act,   is   getting   defeated.   Learned   counsel   for 
Respondent   society   submitted   that   the   Judgment 
relied on in the matter of   “Dilip S. Dahanukar”, 
cited  supra,   is with  reference   to Section  357  of 
Cr.P.C.,   which   is   not   relevant   for   the   present 
matter.   According   to   the   counsel   for   Respondent, 
that   matter   relates   to   question,   when   order   of 
compensation   is   under   Section   357   (3)   of   Cr.P.C. 
According to him, in the present matter, relevant 
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11
provision is Section 389 of Cr.P.C. and the order 
concerned   of   Judicial   Magistrate   was   not   under 
Section   357(3)   of   Cr.P.C.   Order   of   the   Judicial 
Magistrate   imposed   fine   and   from   the   amount   of 
fine,   compensation   was   directed   to   be   paid.   The 
order is within the compass of Section 138 of the 
Act,   in   which   the   Magistrate   could   have   imposed 
ig
fine double the amount of cheque of Rs.4,24,040/­ 
but considering the entire nature of the case and 
physical condition of the accused, the Magistrate, 
as   per   observations   below   Point   No.3,   decided   to 
impose only fine of Rs.6,50,000/­. Learned counsel 
for   Respondent   society   submitted   that   the   order 
passed   by   the   Sessions   Court   deserves   to   be 
maintained. 
9.
The   Respondent   is   a   society   who   gives 
loans to its members. Such transaction has led to 
the present litigation. Although the Petitioner is 
claiming   that   she   is   in   financial   constraints, 
Respondent society has brought material on record 

to   show   that   inspite   of   having   resources,   the 
Petitioner   is   dragging   the   matter.   No   doubt   the 
liability to pay is yet to be finally decided in 
appeal. The order of the Magistrate is of payment 
of   fine.   How   the   fine   would   be   appropriated,   is 
another aspect. The Hon'ble Supreme Court, in the 
matter   of “Dilip  S.  Dahanukar” cited  supra,    was 

dealing   with   the   order   of   compensation   under 
10.
Section 357(3) of Cr.P.C. 
The   present   matter   is   not   case   under 
Section   357(3)   of   Cr.P.C.   Still,   however,   while 
suspending the fine under Section 389 of Cr.P.C., 
keeping in view rival claims which are yet to be 
finally   decided   in   Appeal,   it   will   be   reasonable 
that   interest   of   the   complainant   as   well   as   the 
accused,   both   are   safeguarded.   The   prayer   in   the 
present Petition is to stay the impugned order to 
the   extent   of   direction   of   deposit   of   entire 
amount of fine within fifteen days. Looking to the 
amount of cheque concerned, it would be reasonable 

that   instead   of   Rs.6,50,000/­   directed   to   be 
deposited as fine, the sentence of payment of fine 
is suspended, subject  to  condition of   deposit 
of   Rs.4,24,040/­,   for   which   some   reasonable   time 
is given.
following order:­
For   the   reasons   mentioned   above,   I   pass 

11.
            O R D E R
(A)   The   Writ   Petition   is   partly 
allowed.
(B)     The   impugned   order   dated   16th 
January   2014,     below   Exhibit   5   in 
Criminal Appeal No.3 of 2014 passed 
by   the   Additional   Sessions   Judge, 
Kopargaon   is   modified   regarding   the 
direction   to   deposit   entire   amount 
of fine within fifteen days.
(C) Instead, it is directed that the 
order of fine shall stand suspended 
during   pendency   of   the   appeal, 

subject   to   deposit   of   Rs.4,24,040/­ 
Thousand Forty only).
(D)

It

is

(Rupees   Four   Lakh   Twenty   Four 
reported

that 
Rs.1,50,000/­ (Rupees One Lakh Fifty 
Thousand)   have   already   been 
deposited with the Court of Judicial 
Magistrate,   First   Class   by   the 

Petitioner. The balance be deposited 
in   two   installments.   The   first 
installment shall be paid within one 
month   from   today   and   the   second 
installment   shall   be   deposited 
within one month thereafter.
(E)   It   is   made   clear   that   if   the 
first   installment   as   directed   above 
is   not   deposited,   the   order   of 
suspension   of   sentence   shall   stand 
withdrawn.
   Rule is made partly absolute on 
the above terms.
                               [A.I.S. CHEEMA, J.] 

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