It is well settled legal position that an agreement to enter into an agreement is not enforceable nor does it confer any right upon the parties.
Supreme Court of India
Supreme Court of India
Speech and Software International ... vs Neos Interactive Limited on 5 December, 2008
Bench: J.M. Panchal
Citation: 2009 (75) ALR 162, 2009(2)ALT28(SC), 2010(1)ALT3(SC), 2008(4)ARBLR642(SC), 2009 2 AWC(Supp)1375SC, (2009)1CompLJ21(SC), JT2009(1)SC257, 2009MPLJ1(SC), 2009(1)PLJR253, 2008(16)SCALE102, (2009)1SCC475
1. By filing the instant application under Section 11 (6) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 ("the Act" for short), the applicant, i.e., Speech & Software Technologies (India) Pvt. Ltd. has prayed to appoint Mr. Justice Arvind Sawant (Retd.), former Chief Justice, High Court of Kerala, as sole arbitrator and to refer the disputes to him, which have arisen between the applicant and the respondent during the course of execution of Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006.
2. The relevant facts, which emerge from the record of the case, are as under: -
The applicant is a company registered under the Companies Act, 1956. Its registered office is situated at Chennai. The respondent is a company having its registered office at London. The applicant and the respondent entered into a Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006. Under the said agreement, the applicant was to provide services to the respondent as set out in schedule 2 to the said agreement. The respondent had agreed to make payment of 15,500 per month to the applicant and also to compensate the Director of the applicant for coordination activities. A copy of the agreement dated July 15, 2006 is produced by the applicant at Annexure `1' to the application. It is the case of the applicant that since December, 2006 the respondent refused to make any payment to the applicant and insisted for execution of another agreement as suggested by the principal shareholder of the respondent. The applicant has averred that the applicant was not inclined to enter into new agreement as suggested by the respondent and as the respondent had failed to comply with the terms of the Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006, it terminated the said agreement by sending notice dated February 15, 2007 in terms of Clause 19 of the agreement. By the said letter the applicant also appointed Mr. Justice Arvind Sawant (Retd.), former Chief Justice of Kerala High Court, as the sole arbitrator and called upon the respondent to appoint its arbitrator in the event the respondent did not agree to the appointment of Mr. Justice Arvind Sawant (Retd.) as the sole arbitrator. A copy of the notice dated February 15, 2007 is produced by the applicant at Annexure `3' to the application.
3. On receipt of the notice the advocate of the respondent addressed a letter dated March 15, 2007 urging the applicant not to take any unilateral action for a period of two weeks so as to enable him to obtain comprehensive instructions in the matter in order to effectively study and evaluate the issues involved in the matter. The case of the applicant is that the respondent did not give reply to the notice dated February 15, 2007, nor concurred in the appointment of Mr. Justice Arvind Sawant (Retd.) as sole arbitrator nor appointed its arbitrator. The applicant has claimed that it is entitled to recover a sum of 252,911-76 from the respondent for the services rendered. Under the circumstances the applicant has filed the instant application and claimed relief to which reference is made earlier.
4. On receipt of notice from this Court, the respondent has filed reply affidavit. In the reply affidavit it is mentioned by the respondent that the Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006 was signed on July 31, 2006 and August 1, 2006 by the applicant and the respondent respectively, after which Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement was executed on August 1, 2006, of which Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006 formed part as schedule `A' to the agreement. It is averred in the reply that Share Purchase Agreement, inter-alia provided that on certain events not taking place by July 31, 2006, the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement would stand terminated. According to the respondent the said Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement stood automatically terminated as the various events mentioned therein did not take place by July 31, 2006 and as Services Agreement relied upon by the applicant was part of the said agreement the same also stood automatically terminated and, therefore, the applicant is not entitled to invoke arbitration clause incorporated in the agreement dated July 15, 2006. It is claimed by the respondent that the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement stood novated, rescinded and revoked on account of Letter of Intent dated August 1, 2006, executed by the parties, which totally replaced the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement and, therefore, also the present application was not maintainable. By filing the reply, the respondent demanded dismissal of the application filed by the applicant.
5. The applicant has filed rejoinder affidavit to the affidavit in reply filed by the respondent. In the rejoinder affidavit, the applicant has, by and large, reiterated what is stated in the application and, therefore, this Court is of the opinion that it is not necessary to make a detailed reference to the rejoinder filed by the applicant.
6. This Court has heard the learned counsel for the parties at length and in great detail. This Court has also considered the documents forming part of the application.
7. By now it is well settled that exercise of power under Section 11(6) of the Act is judicial power. After the decision of this Court in SBP and Company vs. Patel Engineering Ltd. (2005) 8 SCC 618, the Designated Judge has to consider the claim of both the parties to the matter and pass a reasoned order. It is also well settled that existence of arbitration agreement is a condition precedent before exercise of powers under Section 11(6) of the Act. The preliminary matters to be considered by the court are (1) existence of arbitration agreement, (2) territorial jurisdiction, (3) whether there are live issues to be referred to the arbitrator, and (4) whether application is filed within the period of limitation prescribed by the law. If the court finds that the arbitration agreement does not exist or is rescinded then the prayer for referring the dispute to the arbitrator will have to be rejected.
8. The contention raised by the learned counsel for the respondent that the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement stood automatically terminated because various events mentioned therein did not take place and, therefore, the Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006, which was part of the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement, ceased to exist, cannot be accepted.
9. In order to ascertain whether the Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006 exists or not, it will be relevant to notice salient features of two agreements, namely, (1) Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006 and (2) Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement executed on August 1, 2006. Clause (2) of the Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006 requires the applicant to supply services to the respondent on payment of consideration by the respondent. The services to be supplied have been detailed in Schedule 2 to the agreement. The consideration to be paid by the respondent is mentioned in Schedule 1 to the agreement. Clause 4 of the said agreement provides that invoicing shall be done at the beginning of each calendar month and the amount due would be payable monthly. Clause 9 of the Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006 confers right upon the applicant to terminate the agreement if payment for services rendered is not received by the applicant within a period of fifteen days from the expiry of the previous month. Clause 10 of the said agreement provides for consequences which would ensue on termination of the agreement, whereas clause 19 enables the aggrieved party to approach arbitrator for resolution of the disputes. It is relevant to note that by letter dated February 15, 2007 the applicant had terminated the Services Agreement and appointed its sole arbitrator as well as called upon the respondent to concur with the said appointment or to appoint its arbitrator. It is an admitted fact that no reply was given by the respondent to the said notice. It is also relevant to notice that the execution of the Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006 is not denied by the respondent. What is claimed by the respondent is that the Services Agreement ceased to exist in view of termination of Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement.
10. From the record of the case it becomes at once evident that the Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006 was never a schedule to the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement. This becomes clear from the contents of clauses 5.2 and 5.2.5 of the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement dated August 1, 2006. Clause 5 of the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement, which is to be found on running page 99 of the short counter affidavit filed on behalf of the respondent, provides the venue where completion of the said agreement would take place and also mentions post completion obligations. According to clause 5.1 of the said agreement, completion was to take place at a venue to be agreed between the applicant and Abela on the second business day after the day on which the conditions stipulated were satisfied. The consequences which were to follow on the completion of the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement are mentioned in clause 5.2. Clause 5.2.5 of the agreement reads as under: - "SST and the Company shall enter into the Services Agreement and Shareholders Agreement (SHA) as per drafts given in Schedule A and B."
It is the specific case of the respondent that the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement dated July 15, 2006, of which Schedules A and B were intrinsic and inseparable parts, stood automatically terminated on July 31, 2006 owing to non-completion of the material conditions as postulated in clause 3.4 of the agreement, without any further obligations, liability or claim between the parties under the agreement. As the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement automatically stood terminated due to non- completion of the conditions mentioned in clause 3.4 of the agreement, there was no obligation on the applicant to enter into the Services Agreement, draft of which was annexed to the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement as Schedule A or Shareholders Agreement, draft of which was produced as Schedule B to the agreement. It is not the case of the respondent at all that the draft of the Services Agreement was signed by the applicant at any point of time. Hence, automatic termination of Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement has nothing to do with the existence of the Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006, which was already separately executed between the parties. The record would indicate that the Services Agreement was executed before the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement was executed. The existence of the said agreement was not dependent upon the completion of events as contemplated by the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement and, therefore, it is wrong to contend that the Services Agreement ceased to exist on termination of the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement.
11. Similarly, the plea that the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement was novated, rescinded and revoked on account of Letter of Intent dated August 1, 2006 and, therefore, the instant application should be rejected, has no force. The Letter of Intent dated August 1, 2006 under no circumstances can be treated as novating, rescinding or revoking the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement. The said Letter of Intent on a bare reading is nothing but an agreement to enter into another agreement because it is provided in the said letter that "both parties agree to have set a deadline to sign this agreement by 15th September, 2006". It is well settled legal position that an agreement to enter into an agreement is not enforceable nor does it confer any right upon the parties. The agreement in terms of the said Letter of Intent was to be signed on or before September 15, 2006. It is not the case of the respondent that any agreement was executed between the parties on or before September 15, 2006. The respondent has not stated in its counter reply that the agreement, which was to be executed by September 15, 2006, was in fact executed. During the course of hearing of the instant application it was fairly conceded by the learned counsel for the respondent that no such agreement was executed between the parties at all. Hence, as the agreement contemplated by the Letter of Intent was never executed, it cannot be said that the agreement contemplated by the said Letter of Intent had novated, rescinded or superseded the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement. Further, the scope/terms of the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement as well as those of the Services Agreement and the terms contemplated by Letter of Intent dated August 1, 2006 are not consistent at all and, therefore, it is difficult to hold that novation of the Tripartite Share Purchase Agreement read with the Services Agreement had taken place, as contended by the respondent.
12. The net result of the above discussion is that the Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006 has not ceased to exist and the applicant is entitled to invoke the arbitration clause contained in that agreement. The application filed by the applicant is within the time prescribed by law. There is no manner of doubt that disputes are existing between the parties relating to the execution of the Services Agreement dated July 15, 2006, which are arbitrable. Under the circumstances, the instant application will have to be accepted.
13. For the foregoing reasons the application succeeds. Mr. Justice Arvind Sawant (Retd.), former Chief Justice, High Court of Kerala, is appointed as the sole arbitrator. The learned arbitrator is requested to enter on the reference and do the needful in the matter as early as possible in accordance with law.
14. There shall be no order as to costs.
............................J.
[J.M. Panchal] New Delhi;
December 05, 2008.
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