Wednesday, 9 July 2014

When Magistrate should order separate trial of accused?



When   the   other   accused   were   not   being   found   and 
when, therefore, the trial was not being proceeded with further, 
there was absolutely no justification for not separating the trial of 
the petitioner ( and any other accused, who might be available). In 
the   impugned   order,   the   Magistrate   observed   that   it   would   be 
against the interest of justice to separate the trial of the petitioner. 

It is not possible to agree with this observation. As a matter of 
fact,  it   would  be  totally  unjust,  unreasonable  and  oppressive  to 
insist that the petitioner must keep on attending the Court for an 
indefinite period, and that, though he is ready to proceed with the 
trial, though  the  prosecution is  ready  to  proceed with the  trial, 
still  the  trial   of   the  petitioner   should   not   be   proceeded   with  by 
separating it from the case of the other accused, whose presence 
The impugned order is improper and not judicious. It 


was not being procured. 
would   be,   therefore,   proper   to   set   it   aside   and   direct   the 
Magistrate   to   allow   the   application   (Exhibit   43)   and   proceed 
further in the case in accordance with law.  

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE OF BOMBAY
BENCH AT AURANGABAD
CRIMINAL WRIT PETITION NO. 85 OF 2014
Shaikh Shakil S/o Shaikh Mohammad 

­VERSUS­ 
The State of Maharashtra 

CORAM : ABHAY M. THIPSAY, J.
ORAL JUDGMENT :­
Dated: February 10, 2014
Citation;2014 ALL MR(CRI) 1521 SC


Rule.   By   consent,   Rule   made   returnable   forthwith. 
The learned Additional Public Prosecutor waives service on behalf 
of respondents. By consent, heard finally forthwith. 
2.
The   petitioner   is   one   of   the   accused   in   R.C.C.   No. 

93/2008   pending   before   the   Judicial   Magistrate,   First   Class, 
Udgir.  There   are   total   14   accused   in   the   said   case,   which   is  in 
respect   of   offences   punishable   under   section   143   of   the   Indian 
Penal Code (IPC), section 353 of IPC, section 341 of IPC, section 
427 of IPC and section 332 of IPC and section 135 of the Bombay 
Police Act. The case was originally registered against about 75 to 
100   unknown   persons,   but   the   Investigating   Agency   after 
investigation could file charge­sheet only against 14 of them. Out 
of these 14 only the petitioner and two or three more are attending 

the Court. The charge­sheet has been filed in the year 2008 and 
since then the petitioner has been remaining present before the 
Court on all the dates of hearing. However, as the other accused 
do   not   remain   present,   the   case   is   not   proceeding   further. 
Troubled by this situation, the petitioner on 04.12.2012 made an 
application (Exhibit 43) before the learned Magistrate praying that 
the case of the petitioner be separated in the interest of justice, 
and that, the petitioner be tried separately. To this application, the 
Assistant Public Prosecutor, Incharge of the matter signified his no 
objection.   It   appears   that   that   application   was   pending   for   one 
year before the Magistrate, which ultimately came to be rejected by 
him, by an order dated 03.12.2013. The petitioner is aggrieved by 
the said order and has approached this Court invoking its power 
under Article 227 of the Constitution of India. 
3.
I   have   heard   Mr.   S.B.   Pulkundwar,   the   learned 
Additional   Public   Prosecutor   for   the   respondents.   I   have   also 

heard   the   respondent   no.2,   who   is   Investigating   Officer   in   the 
4.
matter. 
Neither the learned Additional Public Prosecutor nor 
the respondent no.2 has any objection for separating the trial of 
the petitioner and for proceeding with the case. 
5.
I   have   gone   through   the   impugned   order.   The 
impugned order appears to be suffering from total non­application 
The   learned   Magistrate  observed   that  ‘the   case   was  
6.

of mind. 
triable   as   a   Warrant   Case   and   not   a   Summons   Case’,  and  that, 
‘therefore, there was no provision for enabling the Court to proceed  
in absence of the accused and only in presence of his Advocate, as  
such   procedure   could   be   adopted   only   in   summons   cases’.   He 
further observed that therefore,  the provisions of section 317(2) of  
the   Code   of   Criminal   Procedure   (hereinafter   referred   to   as   “the  
Code”) were not applicable to the instant case. 
7.
These   observations   were   strange   for   at   least   two 
reasons.   The   first   is   that   section   317   does   not   deal   with 
‘separation   of   trials’   which   is   what   the   petitioner   wanted;   and 
therefore   what   made   the   Magistrate   discuss   the   applicability   of 
section   317   of   the   Code   in   the   context   of   the   petitioner’s 
Application (Exhibit 43) is difficult to understand. The petitioner 

had not made any reference to the provisions of section 317(2) of 
the   Code.   Moreover,  section  317  of   the  Code,  which  is   found   in 
Chapter   XXIV   of   the   Code   titled   as   “General   Provisions   As   To 
Inquiries and Trials”, applies to all the inquires and trials under 
the Code. 
8.
Secondly, the Magistrate has not comprehended what 
was the grievance of the petitioner. It was that the case was not 
proceeding further because the presence of the other accused in 

the   case   could   not   be   procured.   The   grievance  of  the   petitioner 
was   that   he   has   been   remaining   present   before   the   trial   Court 
since 2008, and that, still the trial could not make any progress. It 
was not possible to the Court to make any progress because of the 
absence of the other accused, and therefore, in order to prevent 
undue hardship and harassment of the petitioner, the petitioner 
had   prayed   for   separation   of   the   trial.   This   aspect   was   not 
comprehended at all, by the learned Magistrate. 
9.
It   may   be   recalled   that   the   prosecution   had   no 
objection   for   separating   the   trial   of   the   petitioner.   In   fact   that 
appeared to be the only solution in the given situation. Part B of 
Chapter   XVII   of   the   Code   deals   with  Joinder   of   Charges. 
Section   218   lays   down   the   general   rule   that   for   every   distinct 
offence of which any person is accused, there shall be a separate 
charge   and   every   such   charge   shall   be   tried   separately.   The 
sections that follow section 218, make a joinder of charges, or of 

the accused persons, possible. Thus, the normal rule for trials is 
that there should be a separate trial in respect of each offence and 
each accused.  It is only because of the enabling provisions in the 
Code that a joinder of charges or of the accused become possible. 
The law is that a joint trial  may be  held and not that it must be  
held. A court is never obliged to hold a joint trial. Even where it 
can, it is open to it to hold separate trials for the various offences 
and offenders. Under the Code, separate trials are held under the 
So far as the joinder of accused persons is concerned, 
10.

certain circumstances. 
general   rule   and   joint   trials   have   only   been   permitted   under 
section 223 is the only section which deals with the joint trial of 
more than one person. The section is merely an enabling provision 
and   does   not   in   any   way   affect   the   discretion   of   the   Court. 
Because   of   permissive   nature   of   the   said   provision,   the   Court 
retains   a   discretion   to   try   certain   persons   either   jointly   or 
separately.   Needless   to   say   that   such   discretion   should   be 
exercised judicially.  
11.
When   the   other   accused   were   not   being   found   and 
when, therefore, the trial was not being proceeded with further, 
there was absolutely no justification for not separating the trial of 
the petitioner ( and any other accused, who might be available). In 
the   impugned   order,   the   Magistrate   observed   that   it   would   be 
against the interest of justice to separate the trial of the petitioner. 

It is not possible to agree with this observation. As a matter of 
fact,  it   would  be  totally  unjust,  unreasonable  and  oppressive  to 
insist that the petitioner must keep on attending the Court for an 
indefinite period, and that, though he is ready to proceed with the 
trial, though  the  prosecution is  ready  to  proceed with the  trial, 
still  the  trial   of   the  petitioner   should   not   be   proceeded   with  by 
separating it from the case of the other accused, whose presence 
The impugned order is improper and not judicious. It 

12.
was not being procured. 
would   be,   therefore,   proper   to   set   it   aside   and   direct   the 
Magistrate   to   allow   the   application   (Exhibit   43)   and   proceed 
further in the case in accordance with law.  
13.
The Petition is allowed in terms of prayer clause ‘C’. 
case expeditiously, and in any case, dispose it of within a period of 
nine months from today; and in accordance with law. 
14.
The Rule is made absolute in the aforesaid terms. 
The learned Magistrate shall proceed further with the 
Sd/­
( ABHAY M. THIPSAY, J. )

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