Planning for control of your personal information after you die used to be as simple as telling someone about the desk drawer or the fireproof box or the safe deposit box at the local bank. But in the era of smartphones and cloud computing, that same stuff may be stored in digital formats on servers scattered across the globe. You may keep documents online or use email as a catch-all for paperless receipts, insurance information or financial transactions. And don't forget the photos, videos and musings left behind at social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn et al.
So how do you make sure all that information - protected by who knows how many passwords - is handled the way you would like after you're gone? Two words: Plan ahead.
Providers that store digital content are restricted in how they can disclose it to someone other than the account holder. Much of it is protected by privacy laws. And terms of service agreements for things like free email may prevent companies from disclosing that material to anyone without a court order.
"We are in a grey area right now where the technology has progressed faster than the laws," said Laura E Hoexter, an estate-planning lawyer at the law firm Helsell Fetterman in Seattle.
While the legal issues are being untangled you can plan ahead. Google, for example, offers a tool to help its users deal with the problem. Called Inactive Account Manager, it allows you to designate up to 10 people to receive content from sources like your mail, documents or blogs. You may also choose to have content deleted after you have died. When the account becomes inactive, your designees are notified and receive the content you chose to share. They do not receive a means of logging in to your account.
Some lawyers view Google's planning tool as a model to emulate. "Other companies haven't started doing this yet, but I'm hopeful they will," said James D Lamm, an estate-planning lawyer at Gray Plant Mooty, a law firm in Minneapolis and the author of digitalpassing.com, a blog that tracks these issues.
And if companies aren't doing this for you, one of the surest ways to pass on content is to keep copies on your computer. You can make a habit of saving copies of important documents, sentimental photos, Facebook content or purchased content like music. One handy tool to capture content is called ScrapBook, a free Firefox extension created by Taiga Gomibuchi, a programmer in Tokyo.
But if you download, make sure your material is secure. That means backing up to an external drive with programs like Apple's Time Machine, or File History in Windows 8. Also, encrypt your computer's disk and the backup drive. And if you share a computer, make sure your private content is secure, because another user with administrator rights may have access. Programs like 7-Zip can pack away confidential files in encrypted archives.
Some lawyers suggest including a digital executor in your will. This person is responsible for carrying out your wishes for your online content. This is no guarantee the content will be disclosed, they said, but it may help if laws eventually change.
"What would you want them to do if you were allowed to do it?" Hoexter said. This strategy includes creating a list of your online accounts, with passwords included, she said, and storing it where you can update it easily and your digital executor can find it.
Divulging your passwords is risky, of course, even to someone you trust. But there is no simple way to do this securely while ensuring your passwords are current. Numerous online services offer features that can transfer passwords and other personal data after you die. PasswordBox, a password manager that hooks into your web browser, has a transfer feature called Legacy. SecureSafe, based in Zurich, offers a tool for transferring passwords. Of course, putting information like that online exposes it to hackers, government snoops or even the unforeseen security bug.
Instead, you may choose to store passwords on your computer. Many programs are available, including Password Safe and KeePass. There are also encrypted portable devices like SplashID Key Safe. You can stash one in a fireproof box and give your master password to a friend or your lawyer.
The law may one day catch up with technology. But in the meantime, it's wise to make sure you're using technology to deal with the dilemmas technology has created.
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