Friday, 27 December 2013

Domestic violence-Relief should not be denied due to procedural technicalities


Given   that   the   legislation   must   further   justice   and   not 
frustrate   it   and   seeing   that   even   if   all   particulars   are   not 
mentioned the Court can call for further particulars stated in the 
form set out in rules framed under the Act and accepting that as 
discretionary,   it   follows   as   a   matter   of   corollary   that   if   the 
application is not in the prescribed form and the required details 
are   not   furnished   as   per   Form   II   it   should   not   deter   any any 
Magistrate  or Court  from  granting  any  relief. The  respondent 
who is represented in the application would be entitled to bring 
on   record   facts   as   are   deemed   essential   and   which   are   not 
brought on record by the applicant.  The Court would certainly 
consider the merits of the case when all such facts are brought 
on record by both the parties.   If a form is filed, but contains 
certain blanks required in the prescribed form, also the merits 

would be considered. 
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
APPELLATE CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
WRIT PETITION NO. 2738 OF 2011
Chandrakant Nivruti Wagh & Ors.  
Vs.
Manisha C. Wagh & Anr.
CORAM : MRS. ROSHAN DALVI, J.
         DATED  : 4TH APRIL, 2013
Citation; 2013 ALL M R(cri)4265

Rule. Made returnable forthwith.
1.   The petitioner has applied for quashing of the order dated 
21st October, 2010 passed by the learned 5th Judicial Magistrate, 
First Class, Kalyan on 21st October, 2010 and the dismissal of the 
appeal therefrom on 8th August, 2011 by the additional Sessions 
Judge, Kalyan.  
2.   The respondent No.1 who is  the wife of petitioner No.1 
filed   an   application   under   Section   12   of   the   Protection   of 
Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (DV Act) for various 
reliefs  under  Section  17  to  22  of  the Act  and  an  application 
under Section 23 of the Act for interim and ex­parte order.  The 
petitioners made an application for dismissal of her application 
on the ground that an application under the DV Act cannot be 
made against any adult female person under Section 2(q) of the 
Act which defines the term “respondent”.

3. The   petitioners   also   made   the   application   that   the 
application under the DV Act was not in a prescribed form which 
was mandatory under Section 12 as well as under Section 23 of 
the Act and that the applicant has not furnished details of the 
previous litigation required under form II. 
4.   The   DV   Act   is   a   beneficial   legislation.   It   is   meant   for 
protection of violated women.    It is upon  the acceptance  that 
such women may not have the necessary legal advice. 
5.   It has been held by  this Court  that  the DV Act being  a 
beneficial   and   protective   legislation   for   violated   women,   its 
provisions cannot be construed  strictly.   Hence in  the case of 
Vishal Damodar Patil Vs. Vishakha Patil 2009 Cr.L.J. 107  it 
has been held that an interim relief can be claimed without a 
separate interim  application moved.    Similarly in  the  case  of 
Raosaheb Pandharinath Kamble Vs. Shaila Raosaheb Kamble 
2010 Cr.L.J. 3596 it has been held that the proceedings under 
Act   are   quasi   civil   nature.   Amendments   thereto   also   can   be 
allowed. 
6.   This has been  followed in  the case of   Nandkishor s/o. 
Damodar Vinchurkar Vs. Kavita W/o. Nandkishor Vinchurkar 
in a Criminal Application No.2970 of 2008 dated 5th August, 
2009 in which a report of the  Protection Officer is held not to 
be mandatorily required to grant interim relief.  It is observed:

  “If  the  trial Court, who is  required  to pass an 
interim order, keeps on waiting to get the report of the  
Protection Officer or Service Provider, it would entail  
the  delay  and  the idea  of  considering  the  case  of  a  
needy   person   at   the   interim   stage   will   be   actually  
defeated. 
7.   Consequently it is held that when the necessary material is 
placed   before   the   Court  in  an   application  and   the   reply   the 
provisions relating to calling for report need not be adhered.
8.   Hence it is held in  the case of  Karimkhan Vs. State of 
Maharashtra 2011 Cr.L.J. 4793  that the interpretation of such 
a protective and beneficial legislation  should be  to  further its 
objects and not to be bogged down by technicalities.
9.   Consequently in the case of Manoj Harikisanji Changani 
Vs. Prema Shrinivas Changani  in Criminal Application No. 
564 of  2011 decided on 11th January, 2012 it has been held 
that  the Protection Officer’s  report is not mandatory and it is 
discretionary for the Court to call for it. Since the format of the 
report is devised keeping in view  the exploratory aspects and 
approach of the Act.  The Protection Officer has to explore and 
retrieve   the   information   on   various   aspects   included   in   the 
format and inquire or investigate into the illtreatment meted out 
to the applicant.  Various other connected matters would surface 
and the Protection Officer would bring the reality on record.  It 
is  also   observed   that  there   are  various  violated  women  who 

would   claim   protection   under   the   Act.   They   would   not   be 
equipped   to   draft  an   application   showing   all  the  particulars. 
Some others could have obtained legal advice and would be able 
to do so on their own.  The domestic violence report would be 
required in the former cases and not in the latter.  It is observed 
in para 17 that:
  “reading the provision as regard scaling the report of  
Protection   Officer   as   a   mandatory   rule   and   equipping   a  
respondent   with   a   device   of   getting   the   application   of   a 
woman   dismissed   on   the   ground   that   Domestic   Violence  
Report is not called would be at treatment harsher than the  
ailment”.
10.  Given   that   the   legislation   must   further   justice   and   not 
frustrate   it   and   seeing   that   even   if   all   particulars   are   not 
mentioned the Court can call for further particulars stated in the 
form set out in rules framed under the Act and accepting that as 
discretionary,   it   follows   as   a   matter   of   corollary   that   if   the 
application is not in the prescribed form and the required details 
are   not   furnished   as   per   Form   II   it   should   not   deter   any 
Magistrate  or Court  from  granting  any  relief. The  respondent 
who is represented in the application would be entitled to bring 
on   record   facts   as   are   deemed   essential   and   which   are   not 
brought on record by the applicant.  The Court would certainly 
consider the merits of the case when all such facts are brought 
on record by both the parties.   If a form is filed, but contains 
certain blanks required in the prescribed form, also the merits 

would be considered. 
11.  The relevant aspects of the form would be considered on 
merits   upon   hearing   the   respondents/opponents   in   each 
application.   The   contention   of   the   petitioners   that   those   are 
mandatory   and   that   any   application   made   not   upon   the 
prescribed   forms   are   liable   to   be   rejected   is   incorrect.   The 
beneficial legislation is  required  to  be interpreted  to enhance 
justice to women and not to frustrate it.
12.  It may be mentioned that under Section 12(3), which was 
relied upon  by  the  petitioners  themselves, it is clear  that  the 
particulars to be mentioned to be in the form are as prescribed 
or  “as nearly as possible thereto”.  The further Section 28(2) of 
the DV Act allows the Magistrate to lay down his own procedure 
for   disposal   of   an   application   under   Section   12   of   the   Act. 
Section 28 (2) runs thus: 
“28. Procedure: – 
(1) ….
(2)  Nothing   in   sub­section   (1)   shall   prevent   the   Court 
from   laying   down   its   own   procedure   for   disposal   of   an  
application  under  section  12  or  under  sub  section  (2)  of 
Section 23.”
13. This would include  acceptance  of  a  form  adopted  by  a 
violated woman who applies under the DV Act. 
14. In the Judgment in the case of Sagar Sudhakar Shendge 
Vs. Naina Sagar Shendge in Criminal Writ Petition No. 236 of 

2013 dated 4th April, 2013 it has been held that the Magistrate 
is  free  to  follow his own procedure as allowed under Section 
28(2) of the D.V. Act by which he can issue NBW for obtaining 
compliance of his own order by arresting the defaulting party in 
not   obeying   the   order   of   maintenance   even   if   it   is   not   in 
compliance with Section 125(3) of the Cr.P.C as required under 
Section   28(1)   of   the   D.V.   Act   as   the   spirit   of   the   beneficial 
legislation made for protection of women has to be maintained. 
15. Hence   the   technical   aspects   insisted   upon   by   the 
petitioners in their application made as opponents in the learned 
Magistrate's Court, therefore, are required to be rejected and are 
rightly rejected by the learned Magistrate. 
16. The   aspect   of   law   with   regard   to   who   the   respondent 
should be, has been considered by the learned Magistrate upon 
the case law cited before me.  
17. The   learned   Magistrate   has   considered   the   case   of 
Archana Hemant Naik Vs. Urmilaben I. Naik 2010 Cri. L.J. 
751 of this Court directly on the issue whether a respondent to 
an application could be a male relative and holding that under 
Section 2(q) of the DV Act relied upon by the petitioners herein 
(the opponents in  that application) it has been held  that it is 
clear from the proviso to Section 2(q) that the relatives referred 
in the proviso would not be only a male relatives.  Section 2(q) 
including Act runs thus: 

Section 2(q) of the Act, the term respondent has been 
defined as under:
“(q)  “respondent” means any adult male person who is or 
has been, in  a domestic  relationship with  the  aggrieved 
person and against whom the aggrieved person has sought 
any relief under this Act: 
Provided   that   an   aggrieved   wife   or   female   living   in   a 
relationship in  the nature of a marriage may also  file a 
complaint against  a relative  of  the husband or  the male 
partner”.
18. The   proviso   does   not   specify   a   male   relative.     Hence 
female relatives cannot be exempted therefrom.     Besides, the 
proviso  to Section 19 specifies an order under 19(1)(b) alone 
not  to be passed against a woman.   This also implies  that an 
order under all other such clauses of Section 19 being (a), ( c ), 
(d), (e) and (f) can be passed against a woman also.   Hence 
those women would have to be made respondents. 
19. The learned Magistrate has also considered the judgment 
relied upon by  the petitioners herein in  the case of  Tehmina 
Qureshi Vs. Shazia Qureshi 2010 All MR (Cri.) Journal 97 
Madhya Pradesh High Court and correctly distinguished it on 
the ground that that was in the case of Muslim parties where the 
concept of joint hindu  family  and co­parcenary parties would 
not apply in the relationship. 
20. Consequently   learned   Magistrate   has   been   within   the 
specific   frame­work   of   the   law.     The   order   of   the   learned 
Magistrate cannot be faulted.  The appeal of the petitioners is, 
therefore,   rightly   dismissed   considering   the   case   of  Archana 

Naik (Supra).
21. Consequently,   the   petition   is   seen   to   be   wholly 
misconceived.  It is dismissed. 
22. The   learned   Magistrate   shall   proceed   to   decide   the 
application   on   merits   against   all   the   opponents/respondents 
before him/her.
  (MRS. ROSHAN DALVI, J.)

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