Thursday, 24 October 2013

Procedure to be followed by special court when private complaint is received in MCOCA Act



In order to give  
a harmonious construction to the provisions of Section 9(1) and  
Section 23 of MCOCA,  upon receipt of such private complaint  
the learned Special Judge has to forward the same to the officer  
indicated in clause (a) of sub­section (1) of Section 23 to have  
an   enquiry   conducted   into   the   compliant   by   a   police   officer  
indicated   in   clause   (b)   of   sub­section   (1)   and   only   thereafter  
take   cognizance   of   the   offence   complained   of,   if   sanction   is  
accorded to the Special Court to take cognizance of such offence  
under sub­section (2) of Section 23.

Niyaz Ahmad Hafzul Kabir,

...V E R S U S...1
state of Maharashtra
Criminal Application (APL) No. 456/2012
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
NAGPUR BENCH AT NAGPUR

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CORAM:­  P. D. KODE, J.

DATED :­  JULY 3, 2013
    




Rule.  Rule returnable forthwith.  Heard finally by consent of 
the parties.
2.
By this application under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal 
Procedure,   the   applicant   had   challenged   the   order   dated   09.07.2012 
passed by the learned Special  Judge, MCOCA Court, Nagpur ordering 
putting up the proceeding for verification of the complainant.
3.
The applicant has filed the said complaint under section 9(1) 
of the  Maharashtra  Control  of Organized  Crime  Act,  1999  (Hereinafter 
referred to as the “MCOC Act”),  before the said Court constituted under 

section  5 of the  MCOC Act.   After  presenting  the said complaint, the 
complainant   had   prayed   for   forwarding   the   said   complaint   to   the 
competent officer for the investigation in accordance with the provisions 
of the MCOC Act.  It appears that thereafter the complainant having not 
appeared,   the   order   impugned   in   the   present   application   was   passed 
putting   up   the   said   case   for   recording   verification   statement   of   the 
Mr. Zia Quazi, learned counsel for the applicant, firstly drew 

4.
complainant.
my attention to paragraph Nos. 50 and 52 of the Full Bench decision of 
this   Court   in  Ashok   Gyanchand   Vohra   and   ors..vs..State   of  
Maharashtra and anr.;  reported in  2006 (3) Mh.L.J.164,  which read 
as under:
“50. Taking   into   consideration   all   these   aspects   I   am   of   the  
opinion that the question referred to us will have to be answered  
in negative that is to say:
“Q.
Whether in a private complaint filed under the provisions  
of section 9(1) of the Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime  
Act, 1999 designated Court is empowered to order investigation  
under section 156 (3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure before  
approval/sanction is granted to investigate and take cognizance  
as contemplated under section 23 of the said Act?
A.
A designated Court under the MCOC Act does not have the  
power   to   direct   investigation   under   section   156   (3)   of   the  
Criminal Procedure Code in view of the provisions of sections 9  
and 23 of the MCOC Act.”
This answer  by me to this question referred  to above therefore  

necessarily   creates   another   question   as   to   what   would   happen  
when a complaint of offence as prescribed under the Act is made  
in writing or orally to the designated Court directly.  This aspect  
was   emphasized  by  several   learned  advocates  appearing   before  
us. The fear was expressed that in such a situation the private  
complainant   would   be   remedy­less   and   will   have   to   tolerate  
atrocities  of the authorities  concerned  under  the Act  without  a 
Forum where he can complain about it. In my opinion, all such  
fears   are   baseless.   I   have   already   pointed   out   above   that   a  

complaint can be made to a designated Court of any offence as  
defined in that Act being committed by any person.  In the event  
of such complaint being made to a designated Court all that is  
required of the learned Judge to do is to transmit that complaint  
to the Deputy Inspector General of Police of the area concerned  
for being dealt with in accordance with law.  On such receipt of  
the complaint the Deputy Inspector General of Police would issue  
his necessary  prior  approval  to the concerned  police  officer  for  
recording   information   about   the   commission   of   offence   of   the  
crime under the Act.   That police officer if he himself is of the  
rank of Deputy Superintendence of Police or above him carry out  
investigation himself, or may direct another officer not below the  
rank   of   Deputy   Superintendent   of   Police   to   carry   out  
investigation.    On completion of investigation the police officer  
who is designated officer will file the report before the Additional  
Director   General   of   Police   who   thereafter   would   consider   the  
report   and   may   grant   sanction   under   section   23(2)   to   take  
cognizance which then would be transmitted to the Special Court  
designated  under  the   Act   and   whereupon   the  Court   shall   take  
cognizance   of   the   complaint   of   fact   as   originated   by   the  

complaint initially filed before it.
.....
52. To sum up I restate my conclusions:
(i) a   complaint   as   contemplated   by   section   2(d)   of  
51. 
Criminal   Procedure   Code   that   can   be   filed   by   any   individual  
before Special Court designated under the Act;
(ii)
on receipt of such complaint the learned Special Court  
would   transmit   the   same   to   the   Deputy   Inspector   General   of  
Police   of   the   range   from   which   the   complaint   emanates   for  
(iii)

appropriate action under section 23(1)
The Deputy Inspector General of Police to whom such  
complaint   is   forwarded   will   then   apply   his   mind   and   grant  
approval to appropriate officer mentioned in section 23(1) (a) to  
record information about commission of offence as it emanates  
from the complaint and then order investigation by an officer not  
below   the   rank   of   Deputy   Superintendent   of   Police   as  
contemplated by section 23(1) (b);
(iv)
on   completion   of   investigation   the   report   shall   be  
placed   before   the   Additional   Director   General   of   Police   for  
consideration of the question regarding grant of sanction to take  
cognizance, who on application of his mind to the report and the  
facts as disclosed thereby will grant or refuse as the case may be  
previous sanction to take cognizance of the matter under section  
9 (1) of the Act;
(v)
it is on receipt of such police report accompanied by  
sanction under section 23(2) that the Court will take cognizance  
under   section   9(1).    From  the  above  it  will   be  seen  that  that  
being the procedure prescribed  under  the Act section 9(1) says  
that a Special Court may take cognizance.  To illustrate a Special  

Court cannot take cognizance if the report placed before it is not  
accompanied by a sanction.”
Learned   counsel   for   the   applicant   further   contended   that 
5.
majority as well as minority view expressed in the aforesaid Full Bench 
decision regarding the procedure to be followed after a private complaint 
is   filed   to   a   Special   Court   designated   under   the   MCOC   Act   for   the 
offences under the MCOC Act was considered by the apex Court in the 

decision   in   the   case   of  Jamiruddin   Ansari   ..vs..   Central   Bureau   of  
Investigation & Anr.; reported in AIR 2009 Supreme Court 2781.    He 
further submitted that the apex Court in the said decision observed in 
paragraph nos. 40 and 41 to the effect that:
Accordingly, in view of the bar imposed under sub­
“40.
section (2) of Section 23 of the Act, the learned Special Judge is 
precluded from taking cognizance on a private complaint upon a  
separate   inquiry   under   Section   156   (3),   Cr.P.C.     The   bar   of  
Section   23(2)   continues   to   remain   in   respect   of   complaints,  
either of a private nature or on a police report.  In order to give  
a harmonious construction to the provisions of Section 9(1) and  
Section 23 of MCOCA,  upon receipt of such private complaint  
the learned Special Judge has to forward the same to the officer  
indicated in clause (a) of sub­section (1) of Section 23 to have  
an   enquiry   conducted   into   the   compliant   by   a   police   officer  
indicated   in   clause   (b)   of   sub­section   (1)   and   only   thereafter  
take   cognizance   of   the   offence   complained   of,   if   sanction   is  
accorded to the Special Court to take cognizance of such offence  
under sub­section (2) of Section 23.

In substance, we agree with the minority view of the  

Full Bench, which, in our opinion, correctly interprets the inter­
6.
play between Sections 9, 23 and 25 of MCOCA”
He   contended that the observations in the said paragraphs 
are self eloquent to indicate that in a private complaint for an offence 
under the MCOC Act being presented before the Judge presiding over the 
said Court, it is incumbent upon the Court to refer the complaint to the 

competent officer for investigation.   He submitted that hence ordering 
placing of such a complaint for verification statement of the complainant 
would be contrary to the law laid down by the apex Court by aforesaid 
decision.  He, then prayed for quashing and setting aside the said order 
and   ordering   the   learned   Special   Judge   of   the   MCOCA   Court   for 
following the procedure laid down by the apex Court in paragraph 40 in 
the case of  Jamiruddin Ansari (supra).
7.
Mr. Patel, learned A.P.P. for the State, after considering the 
judgment pointed out by the learned counsel for the applicant, requested 
for passing an appropriate order in the matter.
8.
Perusal  of  the judgments  in the  case of  Ashok Gyanchand 
Vohra and ors.(supra) by Full Bench of this Court so also of the apex 
Court in Jamiruddin Ansari (supra), particularly paragraphs 40 and 41 
to which the attention  was drawn, reveals that they fully support the 
submissions of the learned counsel for the applicant.   The apex Court 
having approved the minority view expressed in the decision in the case 

of  Jamiruddin Ansari (supra), the order passed by the learned Special 
Judge,   MCOCA   Court,   Nagpur   placing   the   complaint   for   recording 
verification   statement   of   the   complainant   cannot   be   said   to   be   in 
consonance with the procedure contemplated under the MCOC Act for 
such a private complaint.  Hence, the said order passed cannot be legally 
sustained and the same is liable to be quashed and set aside and the 
learned Special Judge, MCOCA Court will be required to be directed to 

follow the procedure preferred by the apex Court in the decision in the 
9.
case of Jamiruddin Ansari (supra).  
Resultantly,   order   dated   09.07.2012   passed   by   learned 
Special Judge, MCOCA Court, Nagpur in Misc. Criminal Application No. 
1276/2012   is   quashed   and   set   aside   with   a   direction   to   the   learned 
Special Judge to follow the procedure indicated in paragraph no. 40 of 
the decision in the case of  Jamiruddin Ansari..vs..Central Bureau of 
Investigation & Anr.; reported in AIR 2009 Supreme Court 2781.
Rule made absolute.  No order as to costs.
Criminal Application No. 771/2012
In view of disposal of Criminal Application No. 456/2012, this 
application   does   not   survive.     The   same   is,   therefore,   disposed   of 
accordingly.
JUDGE


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