A plaint cannot be rejected if it suffers from curable defect or irregularity

A plaint cannot be rejected if it suffers from curable defect or irregularity. Such a defense does not hit
at the fount of the plaint. It is such an objection which can be not only conveniently disposed off but can
be cured also without having its legal effect disagreeably felt. For the purpose of Order 12 Rule 6 CPC it
is not a substantial plea to stultify or scuttle the admissions sufficient for decreeing the suit. Unless the
admission of a party is not on the edifice that renders the case of the plaintiff collapsible or rends the case
of the plaintiff from foundation to cornice the admission has to be held as clear, unambiguous or
unequivocal and sufficient for decreeing the suit.

Mr. Zulfiquar Ali Khan and Ors. Vs. J.K. Helene Curtis Ltd. and Ors.
Court :Delhi
Citations :2002VAD(Delhi)208; AIR2002Delhi425; 2002(62)DRJ442
Judge : J.D. Kapoor, J.
Decided On :2002-03-07



1. This is an application under Order 12 Rule 6 CPC seeking decree for possession on the admissions
made by defendant No. 1 in the written statement.
2. It is pointed out at the very outset that two portions of the property were leased out vide identical lease
deeds both dated 1.6.1979 to two sister concerns namely Straw Products Ltd. and defendant No. 1 of the
instants suit. Both the suits were consolidated for trial. Similar application was also made in Civil Suit
bearing No. 3381/1991 and was decided on 4.8.2000 by Hon'ble Mr. Justice J.B. Goel whereby suit was
decreed against Straw Products Ltd. However, the instant application could not be decided as Hon'ble Mr.
Justice J.B. Goel retired by that time. Besides merits, it is on the premise of decision of the Hon'ble Mr.
Justice J.B. Goel moved in S.No. 3381/1991 that decree for possession is being sought in this suit also.
3. Plaintiffs have brought out following admissions emanating from written submissions:-
i) There is admission on the part of defendant No. 1 of the execution of duly registered lease agreement
which expired by efflux of time on 31.5.1989; (ii) Though the tenancy had expired by efflux of time yet
by way of abundant caution and to obviate future legal objection to the tenancy being month to month
basis, a legal notice under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act was issued by the plaintiffs which
was duly served upon defendant No. 1 Defendant No. 1 also sent reply to the said notice of the plaintiffs.
4. Defendant No. 1 has resisted passing of the decree by raising following pleas: (i) that the plaintiffs are
not the owners of the premises and thereforee they are required to prove their ownership as there is a
dispute to the little of the property which is pending adjudication by way of suit of partition bearing S.No.
3144/90. This suit is between the co-owners and was instituted prior to the instant suit; (ii) that the
defendant has been paying Rs. 4320/- per month to M/s. Superfine Decorators in addition to monthly rent
of Rs. 5400/- and thereforee M/s. Superfine Decorators is a necessary party; (iii) though the lease deed
admittedly was for a period of 10 years but the real intention and agreement between the parties was to
lease out the premises to defendant No. 1 for an indefinite period of 99 years. This is demonstrated from
the stipulation that original rent was for Rs. 4500/- for a period of three years where after it was to be
increased every three years by 10% Defendant No. 1 was also permitted to make structural alterations and
fix even permanent fittings in any portion of the property; (iv) In view of the aforesaid terms of the lease,
the entire flooring was changed with Italian and Granite marble stone fittings, both the rooms were
re-decorated and the entire premises was made air-conditioned at a huge expense of Rs. 2 crores. These
facts show that lease was for a period of 99 years and not for a period of 10 years.
5. At the threshold, Mr. R.P. Bansal, learned Senior counsel for defendant No. 1 has contended that plaint
as such is defective and is not maintainable, firstly for the reason that it has not been signed by all the
plaintiffs and secondly that there is no pleading that Sh. S.K. Vohra is a valid constituted attorney of
plaintiff Nos. 3 & 4 on whose behalf he has signed the plaint nor has the power of attorney been annexed
with the plaint and thereforee the suit is not signed, verified by a duly authorised person.
6. Mr. Bansal contends that unless and until it is proved that the plaint has been signed, verified and duly
instituted by an authorised person, no decree can be passed under Order 21, Rule 6 CPC. In support of
this contention Mr. Bansal has placed reliance upon decision of this Court in SBI v. Midland Industries :
AIR1988Delhi153 wherein a suit was filed by the Bank for recovery of loan and the similar objection was
taken as raised by the learned counsel for the defendant and it was held that preliminary objection going
to the very root of the suit resulting to non-suiting the plaintiff dis-entitles the plaintiff to a decree under
Order 12 Rule 6 CPC.
7. The perusal of the plaint, various documents including the lease deed shows that the above objection
has no substance and holds water like a sieve. Following facts entitle Mr. S.K. Vohra to institute and file
the suit:-
(i) The plaint has been signed and verified by plaintiffs 1 & 2 personally and by Mr. S.K. Vohra on behalf
of plaintiffs 3 & 4 as their Attorney.
(ii) All the plaintiffs have signed the replication personally wherein they have admitted that the suit has
been filed for and on behalf of plaintiffs 3 & 4 under their authority. The plaintiffs 3 & 4 have filed
affidavits which are on record stating that the suit was instituted on their behalf by Mr. S.K. Vohra as
their Attorney and he has full authority to do so.
(iii) Last but not the least it was Mr. S.K. Vohra who signed and executed the lease deed on behalf of all
the co-owners.
8. Even otherwise Order 6 Rule 14 CPC provides that where a party pleading is, by reason of absence or
for other good cause, unable to sign the pleading, it may be signed by any person duly authorised by him
to sign the same or to sue or defend on his behalf. The nature of objection raised by the learned counsel is
hyper-technical and not certainly a substantial objection that may non-suit the plaintiff.
9. Even if it is assumed for the purpose of argument that all the plaintiffs have not signed the plaint, the
suit is still maintainable if one of the plaintiffs has signed it. However in the instant case the plaint has
been signed by plaintiffs 1 & 2 on their own and by Mr. S.K. Vohra as Attorney of plaintiffs 3 & 4. The
reiteration of the authority of S.K. Vohra to sign and verify the pleadings and institute the suit on behalf
defendants No. 3 & 4 by way of replication when this objection was raised itself provides a sufficient
ground and authority to Mr. S.K. Vohra to sue the defendants. In such circumstances it is a matter of
discretion of the Court to deal with the objection in view of the totality of the facts and the circumstances
and not in isolation.
10. A plaint cannot be rejected if it suffers from curable defect or irregularity. Such a defense does not hit
at the fount of the plaint. It is such an objection which can be not only conveniently disposed off but can
be cured also without having its legal effect disagreeably felt. For the purpose of Order 12 Rule 6 CPC it
is not a substantial plea to stultify or scuttle the admissions sufficient for decreeing the suit. Unless the
admission of a party is not on the edifice that renders the case of the plaintiff collapsible or rends the case
of the plaintiff from foundation to cornice the admission has to be held as clear, unambiguous or
unequivocal and sufficient for decreeing the suit.
11. However very fairly Mr. Bansal has conceded that the plea raised by him that the lease was for 99
years is not worthy of consideration or even agitation. Even otherwise this plea is a feeble attempt by a
drowning person to clutch the flimsy legal straw. Admittedly the lease had expired by efflux of time. The
defendants have already overstayed for more than 10 years. The plea that the defendants have spent crores
of Rupees on its restructuring the renovation etc. is no ground for making a tenant stay beyond the agreed
period of lease. Unless and until there is a specific covenant giving him the compensation or suo motto
extension of the lease period on account of expenses to be incurred by a tenant, every tenant enters into
the lease agreement with open eyes and, thereforee, should be always prepared and ready to surrender the
possession on the expiry of the lease unless there is a fresh agreement for its extension.
12. On merits, Mr. Bansal has contended that there are certain disputed facts which go to the root of the
matter as to the maintainability of the suit and need to be ascertained by way of trial. For instance the
persons referred in the lease deed as the Lessers are not the plaintiffs and unless and until the plaintiffs
prove themselves to be owner of the premises they are not entitled to decree for possession. It is further
contended that there is a distinction between the eviction petition and suit for recovery of possession as
eviction petition under the Rent Act can be filed by the landlord who may not be an owner but might have
leased out in his capacity as landlord whereas a suit for recovery of possession can be filed by the owner
alone.
13. In addition, Mr. Bansal further contended that until and unless plaintiffs implead other co-owners of
the property who have not joined them as plaintiffs they cannot maintain suit for recovery of possession.
In support of this proposition, Mr. Bansal has placed reliance upon Sucharita Pradhan and Ors. v. U.P.
Twiga Fibreglass Ltd. and Ors. 2001 5 AD (DEL) 291 where question arose whether the suit for
possession on determination of the tenancy under ordinary law of landlord and tenant was not
maintainable by one of the co-owners. However, referring to a decision in the case of Nanalal Girdharilal
and Anr. v. Gulamnabi Jamalbhai Motorwala and Ors. : AIR1973Guj131 wherein a view was taken that a
co-owner may maintain an action to eject a trespasser without joining other co-owners in such action, it
was held that this principle can have no application where a co-owner seeks to evict a tenant who is in
possession of property after the termination of of lease. Such a tenant can be evicted only by an action
taken by all the co-owners.
14. In the aforesaid case, the court while being in agreement with the Full Bench of the Gujarat High
Court on the point of determination of tenancy by all the co-owners held that the notices terminating the
tenancy in those cases served during the pendency of the suit are of no help to the plaintiff as the
termination of tenancy has to precede filing of suit. In Sucharita Pradhan case, defendant No. 1 was
inducted as tenant for a limited period of three years under a lease deed dated 1.8.1976 at a monthly rent
of Rs. 4000/-. After the said fixed tenancy came to an end, Sh. Suraj Kumar Nijhawan who let out the
premises died on 11.11.1996. Defendant Nos. 2 & 3 after serving notice to quit dated 10.6.1991 filed suit
which was dismissed in default; notice to quit dated 11.7.1997 sent by the plaintiffs was duly received by
defendant No. 1 and after determination of tenancy, the possession of defendant No. 1 over the suit
property was held to be unauthorised. However, on 1.12.1988, premises fetching rent above Rs. 3500/-
per month were taken out of purview of Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958. The plaint showed that mesne
profit was claimed from defendant No. 1 from 1st July, 1991 onwards. It was observed that by acceptance
of rent between 1st December, 1988 to 30th June, 1991 during which protection against eviction under
the said Act was not available the plaintiffs and or defendants 2 & 3 had assented to defendant No. 1's
continuing in possession of suit property s a tenant on month to month basis. It was under these
circumstances it was held that notice dated 11.7.1997 by defendant Nos 2 & 3 i.e. co-owners is of no avail
as determination of tenancy is to precede filing of suit.
15. As is apparent from the aforesaid facts and ratio of authority, the question was whether the suit was
maintainable on the basis of notice given by one of the co-owners after filing of the suit and entitled the
co-owners to maintain a petition for eviction or not. Here the question is whether one of the co-owners of
the tenanted premises can maintain a suit for recovery of possession or not. In Sri Ram Pasricha v.
Jagannath and Ors. : [1977]1SCR395 which was also referred in the said case it was held that 'a co-owner
in as much an owner of entire property as any sole owner of property is and, thereforee, suit filed by
plaintiff who was one of the co-owners after death of his father was held to be legally maintainable.'
16. In the instant case the crux and tenor of the contention of learned counsel for defendant No. 1 is that
unless and until plaintiffs prove themselves as owners of the premises, they are not entitled to maintain
suit for recovery of possession. Admittedly there is suit for partition pending between the plaintiffs and
other co-owners. Defendant No. 1 has not denied that plaintiffs are not the co-owners of the premises in
question. A landlord may not be an owner but owner is necessarily a landlord and thereforee to contend
that Lessers who have let out by way of regd. lease deed have no right to file the suit is difficult to accept.
17. As the plaintiffs happen to be owners of the premises though there are some other co-owners, they
have filed this suit in their capacity as co-owners and imp leaded those who did not join them as
defendants. Again if the plea that unless plaintiffs prove themselves as owners of the premises they
cannot maintain suit is accepted, it would tantamount to inuse or abridge the right of the plaintiffs as
co-owners or co-Lessers have to seek eviction of the tenant. To fortify such a plea, tenant has to disclose
as to who are the owners if plaintiffs are not. Such a plea is available only in suit for title when there is
dispute as to the title of the suit property and not in a suit for recovery of possession against a tenant. This
position of law has always been beyond the pale of controversy and was fortified by the Supreme Court in
Sri Ram Pasricha's case (supra) by taking the view that co-owner is also sole owner of the entire property
and it is not correct to say that co-owner is not an owner. He owns part of the composite property along
with others and it cannot be said that he is only a fraction owner of the property. This takes care of the
objection of defendant No. 1 as to the maintainability of the suit by the plaintiffs who are co-owners of
the premises and this comes within the purview of admission as to the ownership of the plaintiffs so far as
provisions of Order 12 Rule 6 CPC are concerned.
18. There is hardly a distinction between suit for eviction and suit for recovery of possession. To say that
an owner who seeks recovery of possession by filing a suit against a tenant has to prove his title first even
if he has let out the premises by way of lease deed is highly farfetched proposition. A landlord has also a
right to seek eviction of a tenant under the provisions of Rent Act but it does not mean that an owner is
precluded from seeking eviction if he has not let out the premises. owner always includes landlord while
the converse may not be true. ownership is required to be proved only in those cases where there is a
dispute as to the title of land and not in a case between the landlord and the tenant as the eviction
proceedings cannot be allowed to be converted into suit for title nor for that purpose suit for recovery of
possession can be allowed to be converted into a title suit.
19. In the instant case some of the plaintiffs are Lessers while those who have not joined, have been
arrayed as defendants. In view of the observations of the Supreme Court in Sri Ram Pasricha case (supra),
the view taken by this court is no more valid.
20. In view of the foregoing reasons I find that the plaintiffs have ben successful in making out a case for
decree for possession under Order 12 Rule 6 CPC on the basis of the admissions of the defendants with
regard to the creation of lease for a period of 10 years between some of the plaintiffs and itself which has
by efflux of time expired though by way of an abundant precaution the plaintiffs terminated it by way of
legal notice under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act. The application is allowed. The suit is
decreed in terms of prayer (i) of the plaint. Defendant No. 1 shall hand over the possession within two
months.
21. List of 6th August, 2002 with regard to the prayers (ii) & (iii) in the suit.
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