Sunday, 23 June 2013

Whether Magistrate can issue NBW for recovery of maintenance granted under domestic violence Act?

The   Magistrate   issuing   NBW,   therefore,   seems   to   have
followed  the Special Procedure  for the arrest of  the husband  for non
payment of the maintenance ordered to be paid.  Such procedure and
such procedural order is within the framework of Section 28(2) of the
DV Act and hence cannot be faulted as it is not seen to be illegal.  

 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY 
          CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL WRIT PETITION NO.236 OF 2013

Sagar Sudhakar Shendge V/s.  Mrs. Naina Sagar Shendge 

CORAM :   MRS. ROSHAN DALVI, J.

Date of Pronouncing the Order :     4 th April, 2013.



1. The  Petitioner  is  the   husband  against whom  maintenance
order   has   been   passed   U/s.20   of   the   Protection   of   Woman   from
Domestic Violence Act  (DV Act).    The  Petitioner  has  challenged  the
order of maintenance in the Sessions Court in which the Petitioner has
not obtained any stay of the order ordering maintenance U/s.20 of the
DV   Act.   The   husband   breached   the   order   of   maintenance.
Consequently, wife applied for execution of the order of maintenance.
Hence the wife filed an application for issue of warrant for recovery of
the maintenance  amount.   Consequent,  NBW  has  been issued.    The
Petitioner has challenged the order of issuing NBW.  
2. In his application the learned Judge observed that an appeal
was preferred, but no stay was granted and that the husband (petitioner
herein) was  given ample opportunity  to deposit interim maintenance
but he was only binding time.   Hence learned Magistrate granted the
application of the wife and issued the NBW.  He also directed that if the
Respondent paid off the arrears of maintenance which was Rs.56,000/­
he will  be  released  at  the  time  of  the  execution  of  the  NBW.    The

amount  of maintenance  payable under  the  same order is now much
more.
3. Counsel on behalf of the Petitioner has contended that the
learned Magistrate has no powers to issue NBW under the DV Act.  
4. The learned Special Public Prosecutor (Spl PP) has drawn my
attention to Rule 6 of the DV Rules which relates to applications U/s.12
of the DV Act.  
Section 12 of the DV Act runs thus :
(1) An aggrieved person or a Protection Officer or any other
person   on   behalf   of   the   aggrieved   person   may   present   an
application to the Magistrate seeking one or more reliefs under
this Act:
5. The wife in this case applied for reliefs under Sections 17 to
23 of the DV Act.  The learned Magistrate granted order U/s.20.  That is
an order of maintenance.  
The relevant part of Rule 6 (5) runs thus : 
6.Application to the Magistrate. –
(5) The applications under section 12 shall be dealt with and
the   orders   enforced   in   the   same   manner   laid   down   under
section  125  of  the Code  of Criminal  Procedure,  1973  (2  of
1974).
6. Consequently under Rule 6(5) the order passed U/s.20 upon
an application made U/s.12 would have to be enforced in the manner
laid down in the Section 125 of the CrPC.
7. Further the Magistrate would have to follow the procedure
U/s.28 (1) of the DV Act to which my attention has been drawn by the
learned Spl PP.  Section 28(1) of the DV Act runs thus :
28. Procedure. – 
(1)  Save  as  otherwise  provided  in  this  Act,  all  proceedings
::: Downloaded on - 23/06/2013 17:54:11 :::Bombay High Court
jsn 3 Cr W P No. 236_2013
under  Sections  12,18,19,20,21,22   &  23  and  offences   under
Section 31 shall be governed by the provisions of the Code of
Criminal Procedure, 1973.
8. The provisions in the CrPC lay down that the Section 125 is
to be r/w. along with Form 19 followed by Form 18.
The relevant part of Section 125 (3) runs thus :
125. Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents. – 
(3) If any person so ordered fails without sufficient cause to
comply with  the order, any  such Magistrate may,  for every
breach of the order,  issue a warrant for levying the amount
due   in   the   manner   provided   for   levying   fines,   and   may
sentence   such   person,   for   the   whole,   or   any   part   of   each
month's   (allowance   for   the   maintenance   or   the   interim
maintenance and expenses of proceeding, as the case may be,)
remaining   unpaid   after   the   execution   of   the   warrant,   to
imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month or
until payment if sooner made:
9. Under sub section 3 upon  failure  to pay maintenance and
committing breach of the order of maintenance the Magistrate will be
entitled  to issue  an warrant.   The warrant would be  for levying  the
amount as a fine.  
10. Counsel  on  behalf  of  the  Petitioner  drew my  attention  to
Section 421 of  the CrPC which deals with  the warrant  for levying of
fine.  
The relevant part of Section 421 runs thus:
421. Warrant for levy of fine. –
(1) When an  offender has  been  sentenced  to  pay a  fine,  the
Court passing the sentence may take action for the recovery of
the fine in either or both of the following ways, that is to say, it
may ­­­
(a) issue a warrant for the levy of the amount by attachment
and sale of any moveable property belonging to the offender;
(b) issue a warrant to the Collector of the district, authorising
him to realise the amount as arrears of land revenue  from the
movable or immovable property, or both, of the defaulter.

11. It is argued on behalf of the Petitioner husband that in this
case the Magistrate would  follow u/s.421 (1) (a).   He would issue a
warrant for attachment and sale of the property of the husband.  The
form of issuing such a warrant is under Form 19 of the CrPC.  The form
is issued upon Police Officer to attach moveable property and sale up to
the extent of the unpaid amount of maintenance.  
12. If even after such warrant is issued for attachment and sale
and the property is attached and sold but yet the maintenance amount
remains unpaid, the Magistrate, under the latter part of Section 125(3)
would sentence the husband for such amount upto for one month.
13. It is further argued on behalf of the Petitioner that the issue
of  that warrant would be as per  Form 18  of  the CrPC which is  the
warrant for imprisonment for failure to pay maintenance U/s.125 of the
CrPC which is different from the form for NBW issued by the learned
Magistrate.  
14. It may be  stated  that  the proof of  sufficient means of  the
husband  to maintain  the wife would  have  already  been  seen in  the
order of maintenance.  The inability to pay maintenance to her would
also   have   been   seen.   The   order   would   have   been   duly   made   for
payment  of maintenance  to  the wife  and  /  or  child  for  the  specific
amount.  The first recital is in that behalf.  The failure of the husband
would  seen upon non  payment  as  also  non execution  of warrant  of
attachment and sale.  The Magistrate would be entitled to pass an order
adjudging  the  husband  to  undergo imprisonment in   the  jail  for  the
period allowed U/s.125 (3) which is up to one month.
15. A reading of Section 125(3) shows that after execution of the
warrant for levying an amount of maintenance due as levying a fine is
executed the Magistrate may sentence the husband.
16. It is contended on behalf of the husband that the Magistrate
has  yet  not  sentenced  the   husband.     There is  no  order  to  undergo
imprisonment.    Consequently,  Form  18  which  requires  to  show  the

order directing imprisonment cannot be made applicable before Form
19 which requires attachment and sale of his moveable property.
17. In this case the learned Magistrate has issued NBW against
the husband.    It is contended by counsel on behalf of  the Petitioner
husband that the learned Magistrate has not followed procedure under
CrPC which is required to be followed U/s. 28 (1) of the DV Act.  It is
contended by the counsel on behalf of the husband that for application
under  Section  12 in which  relief U/s.20 is  granted,  Section 125  (3)
under Rule 6 of the DV Rules becomes applicable. 
18. My attention has been drawn by counsel on behalf of  the
Petitioner husband to the Judgment of the learned Single Judge of the
Kerela High Court in the case Shanavas, S/o. Abdulsalam Vs. Raseena,
D/o. Shihabudeen and Anr., Cri M C No.4843 of 2010.   In that an
interim protection order passed U/s.23(1) of the DV Act was breached.
The  Court  held  that  the  penalty  for  the  breach is  provided  only in
Section 31 of the DV Act and the Court held that NBW cannot be issued
for the breach of a protection order and arrest cannot be directed by
issuing   NBW   before   the  Magistrate   takes   cognizance   of   the   offence
U/s.31(1)   of   the   CrPC.     That   was   also   the   case   of   failure   to   pay
maintenance. It was held that the Magistrate could not issue NBW as
was done in that case.  
19. Hence it is contended that at present the simplicitor issue of
order of NBW is not in accordance with  the complete procedure laid
down under the DV Act r/w. 125 (3) of the CrPC.  
20. The Court appointed Ms. Flavia Agnes, to assist the Court as
amicus curiae.  She has drawn my attention to Section 28 (2) of the DV
Act which runs thus:
Nothing in sub­section (1) shall prevent the court from laying
down its own procedure for disposal of an application under
section 12 or under sub­section (2) of section 23.

21. Thus   the   aforesaid   argument   becomes   academic.   The
provisions of the CrPC relating to maintenance as also the DV Act which
are   beneficial   legislations   for   protection   of   women   such   as   the
Respondent wife in this case are required  to be construed such as  to
benefit those persons for whom they are enacted.
22. The   Magistrate   issuing   NBW,   therefore,   seems   to   have
followed  the Special Procedure  for the arrest of  the husband  for non
payment of the maintenance ordered to be paid.  Such procedure and
such procedural order is within the framework of Section 28(2) of the
DV Act and hence cannot be faulted as it is not seen to be illegal.  
23. Hence the NBW is confirmed.  The Writ Petition is dismissed.
The  NBW  shall  be  executed   unless  the   husband  pays  off  the   entire
arrears now due and payable.  
24. The Court is grateful to the learned   amicus curiae for her
guidance.  
25. Writ Petition is disposed off accordingly. 
   ( ROSHAN DALVI, J.)

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