Saturday, 1 June 2013

Limitation for taking cognizance of offence is a mixed question of law and fact

It may be mentioned that for calculating the period of 
limitation as to when the same shall start, knowledge on the part 
of the complainant is must………………......
The question of limitation is a mixed question of law and 
fact and not of law only. The question requiring the fact cannot 
be proved without there being an evidence of both the parties. 
No presumption can be raised that since the counsel for the 
complainant was appearing in the Civil Court regularly, 
therefore, the complainant had the knowledge of all the 
proceedings and also of the proceedings dated 
05.08.2003………… Furthermore, in the order sheet dated 
05.08.2003, it is mentioned that the advance copy of written 
statement of defendant Nos.1 to 4 has been supplied to the 
plaintiff (respondent in present complaint) whereas in the order 
sheet dated 24.11.2003, it is mentioned that the advance copy of 
written statement of defendant Nos. 2, 3 and 4 is on record. If 
the advance copy of written statement of defendants was 
supplied to the plaintiff (respondent in present complaint) on 
05.08.2003, then how that advance copy came on record as per 
the order sheet dated 24.11.2003, is a question which requires 
evidence of both the parties……………………
…………… Moreover, the Court is also required to see the 
contents of that written statement which is the main sours of 
contention between the parties but it seems that the learned MM 
without even going through that written statement has raised the 
presumption that no offence under sections 463/464/420 IPC are 
made out and only provisions of section 419 IPC are made out. 
The very basis of the complaint of the complainant is that written 
statement but it seems that, that written statement has not been 
looked into by the learned MM.
………….. Though at the stage of consideration of period of 
limitation, learned MM was not bound to go through the written 
statement but at the same time without going into written 
statement, no prima-facie view whether ingredient of any section 
are attracted or not by learned MM can be formed. When the 
period of limitation was considered by the learned MM, then it 
was his duty to go through all the documents and especially the 
written statement which is the basis of the complaint to see 
whether the same prima facie shows the ingredients of section 
463/464/420 IPC or 
not………………………………………………………
In view of the aforesaid discussions, the order dated 
11.09.2008 passed by the learned MM is set aside
Crl. Rev. P.No. 652/2009 
 IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
 Crl. Rev. P.No. 652/2009 
 Date of Decision: 17
th December, 2012
 NARESH KUMAR ARORA ....
Versus
 STATE & ANR. ...
Citation;2013 CRLJ(NOC)160 delhi

This revision petition is directed against the order dated 16th
July, 2009 passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge
whereby the order dated 11th September, 2008 of the learned 
Metropolitan Magistrate declining to take cognizance of any of the 
offences for which the petitioner-accused was charge-sheeted by 
the police was set aside and the matter was remitted back to the 
Magistrate with a direction to proceed with the charge sheet in 
accordance with law. 
2. Factual background of the case is that the petitioner’s Firm
by the name of M/s New Heaven Color Lab was carrying on its 
business in a shop in premises no. 29/2,Nangia Park, Shakti Nagar
since 1987. Alongwith the shop one latrine and bathroom were 
also allegedly taken on rent. Portions of that rented premises had 
been purchased from time to time by different persons. Due to 
some disputes with the original owners/landlords in respect of the 
extent of the accommodation under the petitioner’s tenancy, he had 
filed a suit for permanent and mandatory injunction against the
owners/landlords. During the pendency of that suit the respondent 
no.2 herein Nitin Garg (the complainant) purchased that property 
and so he was also impleaded in the suit as defendant no.2 and 
when some other persons also purchased some portions of the 
property no.29/2 they were also impleaded in that suit. During the 
pendency of that suit, the respondent no.2-complainant allegedly 
gave an advance copy of his written statement to the petitionerplaintiff wherein he had admitted that he had nothing to do with 
the latrine and bathroom which also the petitioner-plaintiff was 
claiming to be included in his tenancy and thereby he virtually 
conceded to the claim of the petitioner-plaintiff.
3. As per the proceedings of that suit, advance copy of the 
written statement was supplied to the petitioner-plaintiff on 5th
August,2003 by the respondent no.2-defendant when the suit was 
taken up for the second time same day after it had been adjourned
in the morning since none had appeared for respondent no.2-
defendfant for filing of written statement. On a subsequent date the 
respondent no.2 was directed to place on record the original 
written statement of which advance copy had already been 
supplied to the petitioner-plaintiff on 05.08.2003. He did not do 
that and instead filed another written statement strongly refuting 
the suit claim of the petitioner-plaintiff. The respondent no.2 
denied having supplied any advance copy of any written statement 
to the petitioner-plaintiff on 5th August, 2003 and claimed that the 
petitioner-plaintiff had played some mischief and had put up some 
bogus person in Court on 5th August, 2003 after adjournment of the 
suit as respondent no.2 and got delivered to himself advance copy 
of the written statement purporting to be that of respondent no. 2-
defendant admitting the suit claim. That situation led to the filing 
of an application under Section 340Cr.P.C. against the petitionerplaintiff and also lodging of a criminal complaint in Court under 
Section 200 Cr.P.C. by the respondent no. 2 herein against the 
petitioner-plaintiff for the commission of the offences punishable 
under Sections 419/420/463/464 IPC.
4. The learned magistrate vide order dated 30.05.2007 ordered 
registration of an FIR in the matter which was accordingly 
registered by the police and on completion of the investigation 
charge sheet was filed in Court against the petitioner alleging 
commission of the aforesaid offences by him. At the stage of 
cognizance the learned Magistrate passed an order on 11th
September, 2008 to the effect that offences under Sections 
463/464/420 IPC were not made out and it was also observed that 
“The act of the accused at the most can be covered u/s 419 
IPC…..”. However no cognizance was taken for that offence also 
on the ground that the same was barred by limitation.
5. The respondent no.2-complainant then filed a revision 
petition against the said order of the learned Magistrate and the 
learned Additional Sessions Judge disposed of that revision 
petition vide impugned order dated 16.07.2009. The relevant paras 
of that order are re-produced below:-
“Perusal of the record shows that the learned MM has taken the 
view that since the written statement has not been signed by any 
person, therefore, the same does not fall within the purview of 
Sections 463/464 IPC. The supply of the advance copy of 
written statement which is generally unsigned, whether lies
within the purview of making any false document or part of a 
document, with intent to cause damage or injury, to support any 
claim of title or whether the same lies within the purview of 
Section 464 IPC to execute a document or part of a document is 
a question which requires evidence. So far as the ingredients of 
other sections are concerned, then this is a question which 
requires evidence as to whether there was any dishonest
inducement on the part of the respondent to the complainant. 
The learned MM has held that at the most only provisions of 
Section 419 IPC are attracted.
It may be mentioned that for calculating the period of 
limitation as to when the same shall start, knowledge on the part 
of the complainant is must………………......
The question of limitation is a mixed question of law and 
fact and not of law only. The question requiring the fact cannot 
be proved without there being an evidence of both the parties. 
No presumption can be raised that since the counsel for the 
complainant was appearing in the Civil Court regularly, 
therefore, the complainant had the knowledge of all the 
proceedings and also of the proceedings dated 
05.08.2003………… Furthermore, in the order sheet dated 
05.08.2003, it is mentioned that the advance copy of written 
statement of defendant Nos.1 to 4 has been supplied to the 
plaintiff (respondent in present complaint) whereas in the order 
sheet dated 24.11.2003, it is mentioned that the advance copy of 
written statement of defendant Nos. 2, 3 and 4 is on record. If 
the advance copy of written statement of defendants was 
supplied to the plaintiff (respondent in present complaint) on 
05.08.2003, then how that advance copy came on record as per 
the order sheet dated 24.11.2003, is a question which requires 
evidence of both the parties……………………
…………… Moreover, the Court is also required to see the 
contents of that written statement which is the main sours of 
contention between the parties but it seems that the learned MM 
without even going through that written statement has raised the 
presumption that no offence under sections 463/464/420 IPC are 
made out and only provisions of section 419 IPC are made out. 
The very basis of the complaint of the complainant is that written 
statement but it seems that, that written statement has not been 
looked into by the learned MM.
………….. Though at the stage of consideration of period of 
limitation, learned MM was not bound to go through the written 
statement but at the same time without going into written 
statement, no prima-facie view whether ingredient of any section 
are attracted or not by learned MM can be formed. When the 
period of limitation was considered by the learned MM, then it 
was his duty to go through all the documents and especially the 
written statement which is the basis of the complaint to see 
whether the same prima facie shows the ingredients of section 
463/464/420 IPC or 
not………………………………………………………
In view of the aforesaid discussions, the order dated 
11.09.2008 passed by the learned MM is set aside. Learned MM 
is directed to proceed with the charge sheet as per the provisions 
of the law. Present revision filed by the petitioner is allowed. 
Parties are directed to appear before the Court of learned MM on 
17.08.2009…………”
6. The petitioner-accused felt that the revisional Court had vide 
its impugned order taken cognizance of all the offences noted in the 
order and had summoned him also by directing the parties to 
appear before the trial Court which was directed to proceed with 
the charge-sheet as per the provisions of the law. Thus, this petition 
was filed by him.
7. I have considered the submissions of the learned senior 
counsel for the petitioner and respondent no.2 complainant and also 
perused the record. After going through the order of the learned 
Additional Sessions Judge it appears to this Court that as far as the 
offence under Section 419 IPC is concerned all that was opined 
was that the trial Court should not have considered the limitation 
aspect at the stage of cognizance since that was not a question of 
law which could be decided without any evidence as to when the 
period of limitation would have started to run in the facts of the 
present case. Perusal of the order of the learned Magistrate shows 
that for the offence under Section 419 he had not given a clear 
finding, like in respect of other offences of forgery etc., that it was 
made out. The tenor of the order of the Magistrate would show that 
it was simply being observed that even if the offence under Section 
419 could be said to be made out no cognizance could be taken 
because of the bar of limitation and the revisional Court appears to 
have asked the Magistrate to consider the case in respect of this 
offence ignoring the limitation bar. Similarly in respect of other 
offences which the learned Magistrate had found to be not made 
out at all the revisional Court has simply opined in its order that the 
Magistrate had come to that conclusion without going through the 
written statement of respondent no.2-defendant. Thus, the 
revisional Court can be said to have simply asked the learned 
Magistrate to re-consider the matter on the point of cognizance in 
accordance with law and for that purpose the case was remitted 
back. There is no finding of the revisional Court in respect of the 
offences of cheating forgery etc. in its order to the effect that these 
offences are made out on the basis of the material collected by the 
police during investigation. Just because in the impugned order it 
was stated by the revisional court that parties should appear before 
the trial Court it cannot be said that the revisional court itself had 
taken cognizance of any of the offences alleged to have been 
committed by the petitioner herein. That direction is really a 
direction to the complainant/prosecution since at the stage of 
cognizance the proposed accused has no role to play.
8. This petition is accordingly disposed of with the clarification 
that no cognizance can be said to have taken by any of the courts 
below and the learned Magistrate at present only stands directed to 
re-consider the question of cognizance in accordance with law and 
the observations of the revisional Court in its impugned order. The 
Magistrate shall now take up the matter for consideration afresh on 
the point of cognizance on 17th January, 2013 at 2 p.m.
P.K. BHASIN, J
December 17, 2012
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