Oral evidence is given by the husband to prove aforesaid case. The husband has examined one attesting witness on Exh. 41. He has given evidence that the wife admitted her fault and left matrimonial house on her own after execution of document at Exh. 41. The contents of the document are typed. Typist is not examined. There is some space between the matter and the signature of the wife. Signatures are almost at the bottom of page No.2. In the typed matter, there was a marking done for putting signature of wife but at this place there is no signature of wife. In the evidence, wife has admitted the signature but she has contended that signature was given due to pressure of the husband. The general stamp on which document is written, was purchased by the husband. In the evidence, wife has admitted the signature but she has contended that signature was given due to pressure of the husband. The general stamp on which document was written was purchased by the husband when the document was to be executed by the wife. The place of execution is shown as Jalgaon, the place of husband and on the date of purchase of the stamp, the document is shown to be executed. The other contents of Exh. 41 show that household articles, clothes etc were taken by the wife to the house of parents. Nobody is examined to show that household articles and everything was taken by the wife to the house of parents. Thus, there is no such circumstantial check. It does not look probable that educated lady like wife from present case would give admission in writing about illicit relations. The fact that the document is shown to be executed in the house of husband needs to be kept in mind. It also needs to be kept in mind that the husband has not given other particulars of the said man like his name. It is not the case of the husband that he had personal knowledge about relations or he had at any time made inquiry in that regard. He had only suspicion as he had allegedly seen the wife talking on mobile with somebody. All these circumstances have created doubt about defence taken by the husband and his entire story which is mentioned in Exh. 41.
14. The evidence on the record shows that return of the wife to her parents' house would have created more problems for her handicapped father. It was settled marriage and her parents are very poor. In view of these circumstances, the case of the husband that wife was not happy as he was unemployed and she left his company, does not appear to be probable in nature.
Sangita W/O Ashok Wani vs Ashok S/O Keruji Wani on 2 November, 2012
Bench: T.V. Nalawade
Citation; 2013 CR L J (NOC)298 bombay
1. Rule. Rule made returnable forthwith.
2. By consent, heard both the sides for final disposal.
3. The petition is filed under section 226 and 227 of the Constitution of India and also section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure to challenge the judgment and order delivered in 2 Cri.WP 956/2011 Criminal Revision Application No. 14/2010 by Additional Sessions Judge, Ahmednagar. Judicial Magistrate (First Class) had granted maintenance under section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in favour of the petitioner and this order is set aside in revision by Sessions Court. This Court has perused the original papers.
4. The Sessions Court has held that in view of the contents of one document which is at Exh. 41, and in view of the provisions of Section 125(4) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, wife is not entitled to get maintenance. The Sessions Court has observed that in view of the contents of Exh. 41, it needs to be presumed that wife is residing separately from husband on her own accord. The Sessions Court has further held that in view of this document, it needs to be presumed that wife has relinquished her right to claim maintenance. For giving such decision, Sessions Court has relied on observations made by this Court in the case reported as 2003 (2) Mh.L.J. 608 (Popat Vs. Kamlakar). This Court has carefully gone through the facts of the reported case. In that case, as per the alleged custom prevailing in the families of the parties, the document titled as Pharkatnama (Divorce document) was executed by parties and in view of existence of such document and other circumstances, the Court 3 Cri.WP 956/2011 held that the parties were living separate from each other by mutual consent.
5. The case of 'Popat', was considered by this Court in the case reported as 2005(3) Mh.L.J. 137 (Tejaswini Anandrao Tayade and another Vs. Chandrakant Kisanrao Shirsat and another). In this case, this Court has observed that if as per the law, the marriage can not be dissolved unless there is decree of divorce passed by competent Court, such consent document of divorce can not dissolve the marriage. This Court further held that such document can not be used to hold that there has been relinquishment of the right of maintenance. The facts in the case of Tejaswini were held to be different from the facts of Popat's case of this Court. Thus, the facts and circumstances of each and every case are always different.
6. On the aforesaid point and regarding the rights under personal civil law, one case reported as 2004 (Supp. 2) Bombay C.R. Page 865 (D.B.) (Geeta Vs. Satosj) was cited for the petitioner. In this reported case, this Court has considered the rights under Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. This Court has considered the provisions of Section 25(1) and 25(2) of the said Act. It is held by this Court that even if divorce by mutual consent is obtained 4 Cri.WP 956/2011
under the Hindu Marriage Act, and right to maintenance was relinquished by the wife in consent terms signed at the time of obtaining divorce, in view of wording of section 25(1) of the Act, there is power to Court to grant maintenance subsequent to the passing of decree of divorce by mutual consent. Thus in civil law, right of wife to get maintenance is continued even after divorce.
7. Section 125(1) Explanation (b) of the Code of Criminal Procedure is as under.
"Wife includes a woman who has been divorced by, or has obtained a divorce from, her husband and has not remarried."
Section 125(4) of the Code of Criminal Procedure reads as under.
"No wife shall be entitled to receive an [allowance for the maintenance or the interim maintenance and expenses of proceeding, as the case may be,] from her husband under this section if she is living in adultery, or if, without any sufficient reason, she refuses to live with her husband, or if they are living separately by mutual consent."
Section 127(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure reads as under. "Where any order has been made under section 125 in favour of a woman who has been divorced by, or has 5 Cri.WP 956/2011
obtained a divorce from, her husband, the Magistrate shall, if he is satisfied that -
(c) the woman has obtained a divorce from her husband and that she had voluntarily surrendered her rights to [maintenance or interim maintenance, as the case may be,] after her divorce, cancel the order from the date thereof."
Aforesaid provisions of Cr.P.C. show that the wife is given statutory right to get maintenance from the husband and even after divorce, she can claim maintenance by using this statutory right. Thus the provisions of personal civil law and the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure which have given statutory right, show that in the case like present one, if there was no divorce, the husband is required to prove following things to avoid liability of maintenance, (i) the wife has refused to live with him (the wife can prove that there is just ground for living separate from husband and in that case, even when the wife has reused to live with the husband, she can get maintenance). Portion mentioned in bracket has the basis in the proviso No.2 of Section 125(3) of Cr.P.C. or (ii) that they are living separately by mutual consent.
In the present case, it needs to be kept in mind that there is no specific defence of the husband that the wife was living in 6 Cri.WP 956/2011 adultery or he has noticed any incident of adultery. The Court has not used such ground for refusing the maintenance.
8. Aforesaid provisions show that the wife can relinquish her right of maintenance only after the divorce. If the marriage tie is still there, the husband can avoid the liability of giving maintenance only after proving one of the aforesaid two defences in a case like present one. Thus, Sessions Court has committed error in holding that there is relinquishment of right and so maintenance can not be granted to the wife.
9. In the case reported as (1991) 2 Supreme Court Cases 375 (Vimal (K.) Vs. Veerswami (K.) Apex Court has discussed the object behind aforesaid provisions of Cr.P.C.. The object is to achieve social purpose to prevent vagrancy and destitution. The object is also to provide quick remedy by using the summary procedure. This right is given on the basis of natural and fundamental duty of a man to maintain his wife, children and parents who are unable to maintain themselves. (Relied on AIR 2005 Supreme Court Page 1809 (Savitriben Somabhai Bhattya Vs. State of Gujrat and others) While appreciating the evidence given by parties, the Court is expected to keep aforesaid objects in the mind and also condition of woman in Indian society. 7 Cri.WP 956/2011 Similarly, in view of the nature of defence available to the husband, each case needs to be decided on the basis of facts and circumstances of that case.
10. It is the case of the wife that ill-treatment was given to her by husband by saying that she was not behaving like woman and the parents of the wife had cheated him. It is her case that all her ornaments were taken by husband and the husband was taking heard work from her. It is her case that husband demanded amount of Rs.1,00,000/- from her parents and as this demand was not met with, there was ill-treatment to her and even threats were given to her. It is her case that she was ultimately driven out of house by the husband on 13/10/2006 i.e. within one year of the marriage. It is her case that the husband and relatives had supplied bottle of poison to her to instigate her to finish life by consuming poison. It is her case that on that day, some social worker came to matrimonial house and they tried to convince husband to behave well. It is her case that due to the last incident, she had given report to police against husband.
11. It is case of husband that after one month of the marriage, wife started picking up quarrels with him on petty grounds. It is his case that she was not happy as he was not 8 Cri.WP 956/2011 employed. It is his case that wife was not doing even household work. It is his case that he had seen wife talking with a man on mobile phone. It is his case that the wife was returning to the house of parents time and again after picking up quarrels with him. It is the case of husband that ultimately wife admitted that she had illicit relations with a man and then she demanded divorce from him. It is the case of the husband that in the presence of his relatives and even the husband of her sister, the wife gave such admission in writing (Exh. 41) and she left matrimonial house on 15/04/2006. It is his case that the wife had come to his house subsequently on 13/10/2006 with some social workers and she had picked up quarrel with him. It is his case that he had given notice to the wife to ask her to give consent for divorce but she did not accept the notice and filed case against him.
12. Admittedly the crime for offence punishable u/s 498-A of the Indian Penal Code is registered on the basis of report given by wife on 23/10/2006. It appears that the husband also gave report against wife and her father on 25/10/2006. It is the case of the wife that she was driven out of matrimonial house on 13/10/2006 and on that day some incident took place in matrimonial house. If the wife had no intention to resume cohabitation, she would not have approached social workers and 9 Cri.WP 956/2011 she would not have returned to matrimonial house subsequent to the creation of the disputed document.
13. Oral evidence is given by the husband to prove aforesaid case. The husband has examined one attesting witness on Exh. 41. He has given evidence that the wife admitted her fault and left matrimonial house on her own after execution of document at Exh. 41. The contents of the document are typed. Typist is not examined. There is some space between the matter and the signature of the wife. Signatures are almost at the bottom of page No.2. In the typed matter, there was a marking done for putting signature of wife but at this place there is no signature of wife. In the evidence, wife has admitted the signature but she has contended that signature was given due to pressure of the husband. The general stamp on which document is written, was purchased by the husband. In the evidence, wife has admitted the signature but she has contended that signature was given due to pressure of the husband. The general stamp on which document was written was purchased by the husband when the document was to be executed by the wife. The place of execution is shown as Jalgaon, the place of husband and on the date of purchase of the stamp, the document is shown to be executed. The other contents of Exh. 41 show that household articles, clothes etc were 10 Cri.WP 956/2011 taken by the wife to the house of parents. Nobody is examined to show that household articles and everything was taken by the wife to the house of parents. Thus, there is no such circumstantial check. It does not look probable that educated lady like wife from present case would give admission in writing about illicit relations. The fact that the document is shown to be executed in the house of husband needs to be kept in mind. It also needs to be kept in mind that the husband has not given other particulars of the said man like his name. It is not the case of the husband that he had personal knowledge about relations or he had at any time made inquiry in that regard. He had only suspicion as he had allegedly seen the wife talking on mobile with somebody. All these circumstances have created doubt about defence taken by the husband and his entire story which is mentioned in Exh. 41.
14. The evidence on the record shows that return of the wife to her parents' house would have created more problems for her handicapped father. It was settled marriage and her parents are very poor. In view of these circumstances, the case of the husband that wife was not happy as he was unemployed and she left his company, does not appear to be probable in nature. 11 Cri.WP 956/2011
15. In view of aforesaid circumstances and the evidence given by the wife, this Court holds that it is not possible to draw inference that the wife voluntarily executed the document, she left company of husband on her own and she relinquished all her rights and promised to give consent for divorce. It needs to be kept in mind that subsequent to the date of execution, there were incidents creating probability that wife wanted to return to matrimonial house but the husband was not ready to accept her and he wants divorce from her. It also needs to be kept in mind that husband had suspicion about character of the wife. These circumstances are sufficient to infer that case of the wife is more probable in nature that the husband has refused and neglected to maintain her. It is not possible to infer in this case that wife has no desire to return to matrimonial house. She is educated lady, B.A. and she is not ready to give divorce to husband. Due to these circumstances, this Court holds that the Sessions Court has committed error in setting aside order of Judicial Magistrate (First Class). This Court holds that Judicial Magistrate (First Class) had rightly granted maintenance to the wife. Meager amount of maintenance to the wife Rs.900/- was granted by Judicial Magistrate (First Class) in comparison to the status of the parties. No argument was advanced on the point of quantum of maintenance. So, the following order.
12 Cri.WP 956/2011 ORDER
The application is allowed.
Judgment and order of Criminal Revision No. 14/2010 passed by Additional Sessions Judge, Ahmednagar is hereby set aside and the judgment and order of Judicial Magistrate (First Class), delivered in Misc. Application No. 759/2006 is hereby restored.
Rule is made absolute in aforesaid terms.
( T.V. NALAWADE J. )
ts k/
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