When probate of will executed by hindu is not necessary?

Minaxiben Shashikantbhai Patel Vs. Dist. Collector

Therefore, in view of the aforesaid legal position that for a Will executed by a Hindu qua the
immovable property situated outside the territory of original civil jurisdiction of High Court of Bombay and
Madras, the Probate is not compulsory for establishing the rights in the property 


JudgementDate; Oct 30,2006

Citations : 2006-LAWS(GJH)-10-27 , 2007-GLR-1-277 , 2007-GCD-1-392

Court : High Court Of Gujarat
Judges : Jayant Patel



( 1. ) The only question, which arise for consideration of this Court in the present petition is whether for a
Will executed by a Hindu qua the property situated outside the original civil jurisdiction of the High Court at
Calcutta, Madras and Mumbai, the probate is a compulsory requirement for establishing the rights pursuant
to the will or not? In the present case, it is an admitted position that property is situated at Gandhinagar
and therefore, the incidental question which may be required to be considered by the Court is whether
probate for such will is necessary requirement for claiming any right under the said will or not?
( 2. ) The short facts of the case are that the petitioner is a housewife and her farther-in-law purchased the
property in Gandhinagar(Gujarat State) bearing Plot No. 1319/1 at Sector No. 3B admeasuring about 90 Sq.
Mtrs. The Registered Sale Deed is also executed by Ilaben Vivekchandra Desai in favour of the father-in-law

of the petitioner Chandubhai Jivabhai Patel on 29.03.1996. The said document came to be registered vide
No. 1160 with the Sub-Registrar, Gandhinagar and consequently, the father-in-law of the petitioner became
owner of the property in question. It appears that the father-in-law of the petitioner Chandubhai Jivabhai
Patel, executed a Will dated 03.04.2000, which also came to be registered with the Sub-Registrar,
Gandhinagar vide No. 1619. It is the case of the petitioner that as per the said Will, the property is
bequeathed to the petitioner, who is wife of Shashikantbhai Patel, the youngest son of the executant of the
Will. The executant of the Will Chandubhai Jivabhai Patel since expired on 05.07.2000, the petitioner applied
to the revenue authority, i.e. the District Collector for entering mutation on her name based on the Will
dated 03.04.2000 of the deceased Chandubhai Jivabhai Patel. It is the case of the petitioner that the
process was undertaken and during the course of the said process, the other legal heirs of the deceased
Chandubhai Jivabhai Patel consented for mutation in favour of the petitioner. However, the District Collector
by the impugned communication dated 30.11.2004 declined to consider the matter on the ground that the
probate is not obtained of the Will and the matter will be considered after the probate is obtained and
therefore, under these circumstances, the petitioner has approached to this Court by way of the present
petition.
( 3. ) I have heard Mr. Brahmbhatt, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner, Mr. Mengdey, learned AGP
for the respondent District Collector. As such, on the aspects of the existence of the Will, there is no
dispute. Whether the Will is genuine or not is also not in dispute before this Court. Whether by the present
Will, rights of the other legal heirs of the deceased are affected in any manner or not is also not an aspect,
which is the subject matter of this petition. The only aspect, which arise for consideration is legality and
validity of the stand taken by the District Collector for insistence of the probate before making mutation
entry in the revenue record based the will of the deceased.
( 4. ) In my view, as per the provisions of Section 57 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925 (hereinafter
referred to as ?the Act?), the provisions of testamentary succession are applicable to the Will made by
Hindu, subject to restriction and the modifications specified therein. The Will made by Hindu are differently
classified qua the property situated within the territories, which were subject to the control of the
Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal or within the local limits of the ordinary civil jurisdiction of the High Courts of
Judicature at Madras and Bombay. Whereas, qua all other Wills made by Hindus, a separate clause is
provided under clause (c) of the Section 57 of the Indian Succession Act.
( 5. ) As per Section 213 of the Indian Succession Act, the right as executor or legatee pursuant to the Will
can be established in any Court of justice unless a Court of competent jurisdiction has granted probate of
the said Will. However, sub-section 2 of Section 213 provides that this Section shall not apply to the Will
made by Hindu, Buddhist or Sikh where such Wills are of the clauses specified in clause (a) and (b) of
Section 57 of the Act. To say in other words, if the Will is falling in the category of the clauses other than
Clause (a) and (b) of Section 57 of the Act, the restriction as provided in sub-section 1 of Section 213 of the
Act shall not operate.
( 6. ) At this stage, it would be worthwhile to extract certain observations of the Apex Court in the case of
Clarence Pais and Ors. Vs. Union of India, reported at 2001 SC 1151 wherein while considering the
constitutional validity of the provisions of Section 213 vis-a-vis Section 57 of the Indian Succession Act at
para 6, it has been observed by the Apex Court inter alia as under:
A combined reading of Section 213 and 57 of the Act would show that where the parties to the will are
Hindus or the properties in dispute are not in territories falling under Section 57(a) and (b), sub-section(2)
of Section 213 of the Act applies and sub-section(1) has no application. As a consequence, a probate will
not be required to be obtained by a Hindu in respect of a will made outside those territories or regarding the
immovable properties situate outside those territories.? (emphasis supplied.)

( 7. ) The aforesaid position of law is settled by the highest Court of the country and therefore, no further
discussion may be required. If the facts of the present case are considered in light of the above referred
legal position, it cannot be disputed that the property is situated at Gandhinagar and is outside the
territories of the original civil jurisdiction of the High Court of Bombay and the property is even otherwise is
situated in Gujarat State, which is outside the original civil jurisdiction of the High Court of Bombay or
Madras or Calcutta. Therefore, even without probate, the rights acquired by the executor or legatee of the
Will can be established before the Court or before any other authority which in the present case is revenue
authority.
( 8. ) Therefore, in view of the aforesaid legal position that for a Will executed by a Hindu qua the
immovable property situated outside the territory of original civil jurisdiction of High Court of Bombay and
Madras, the Probate is not compulsory for establishing the rights in the property as the property in the
present case is situated in Gandhinagar, even without probate the legatee who is the petitioner in the
present case can establish the rights pursuant to the Will executed by deceased Chandubhai Jivabhai Patel
who is admittedly Hindu. Hence, the stand of the District Collector insisting the probate for the Will in
question cannot be sustained in the eye of law and deserves to be quashed and set aside.
( 9. ) In the result, the petition succeeds. The impugned communication made by the District Collector not
to proceed with the mutation without their being any probate of the Will in question executed by the
deceased Chandubhai Jivabhai Patel is quashed and set aside. Consequently, the District Collector shall be
required to consider the matter for entering mutation based on the Will after following the procedure as
may be required, if not followed, under Section Section 135 D of the Bombay Land Revenue Code and if the
rights pursuant to the Will are established before him, the necessary mutation shall be recorded in the
revenue record in favour of the petitioner as may be permissible in law.
( 10. ) Petition is allowed to the aforesaid extent. Rule made absolute accordingly. Considering the facts and
circumstances, there shall be no order as to costs. D.S. permitted.

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